摘要
框架结构和框架-剪力墙结构是在我国地震区广泛使用的两种钢筋混凝土结构形式。而钢筋混凝土结构在不同水准地震作用下的性态控制目标的实现,主要依靠有效的抗震措施,赋予结构以必要的延性能力和滞回耗能能力,使结构在更高水准的地震作用下以稳定的方式通过非弹性变形耗散地震能量,并保持其竖向承载力和整体稳定性。我国设计规范中有关框架结构和框架-剪力墙结构的系列设计方法和抗震措施主要根据试验结果、震害及工程经验,并借鉴国外规范经验制定,至今未经过理论分析的验证。对于其中的内力调节措施和抗震构造措施的抗震有效程度,到目前为止尚无法做出明确判断。近年来,国外已有利用非弹性动力反应分析程序对典型结构系列进行多条地震波输入下的分析以验证相应规范抗震设计方法和措施有效性的先例。而国内则未见此类研究工作报道。本论文的主要目的是编制功能良好的非弹性动力反应分析程序,并利用它研究严格按规范设计的钢筋混凝土结构在不同水准地震下的抗震性态,以期从理论分析角度识别有别于国外规范的我国抗震措施的有效程度。
本论文主要完成了以下研究工作:
(1)在作者所在学科点已有研究成果的基础上,编制完成了适应性较强的框架-剪力墙结构拟三维非弹性动力反应分析程序,其中梁、柱单元采用单分量模型,剪力墙单元采用多竖杆模型;通过与国外同类知名程序以及国外知名研究机构完成的模型结构振动台试验的对比分析,对所编成的计算机程序进行了多途径的检验和考证,同时对剪力墙多竖杆模型中的相对转动中心高度系数c的取值进行了参数分析。
(2)对钢筋混凝土结构抗震设计原理中的R-μ-T关系和结构超强效应的相关研究成果进行了总结;比较了我国规范与国外有影响的几本规范在能力设计措施方面的不同做法;并对框架结构的关键性抗震措施─柱抗弯能力增强措施中所要考虑的因素及其有效量化方式进行了较深入的探讨。
(3)严格按修订前《建筑抗震设计规范》(GBJ11-89)7度、8度和9度设防烈度区分别设计了3跨6层的钢筋混凝土框架结构;和严格按修订后规范《建筑抗震设计规范》(GBJ50011-2001)设计了以下框架结构:(a)不同设防烈度区(7度0.10g和0.15g区、8度0.20g和0.30g区以及9度0.40g区)的5组3跨6层典型规则框架结构,其中包括考虑填充墙和不考虑填充墙的两个系列;(b)各设防烈度下高度接近允许上限值的3跨8层和11层的规则框架结构。通过对以上框架结构进行多波输入下的非弹性动力反应分析,对我国规范抗震措施,主要是柱抗弯能力增强措施的有效程度作了初步识别。另外还按5档不同水准的柱抗弯能力增强措施设计了相应的
Frame and frame-wall structures are two kinds of RC structures used widely in earthquake regions in China. The realization of performance objectives of structures under earthquakes at various levels depends on valid seismic fortification measures. These measures assure structures necessary ductility and hysteretic energy-dissipated capacity, make them dissipate stably earthquake energy through inelastic deformation and keep their carrying capacities to vertical loads and the stabilities as a whole under higher earthquake action levels. Series of design methods and seismic measures of our national design codes for frame structures and frame-wall structures are mainly based on experiments, experiences from earthquake disasters and from engineering, and referred to seismic measures in foreign codes. Up to now, these methods and measures still have not been verified by theoretical analyses. The availability of measures of internal forces adjustment and seismic detail can not been evaluated definitely. In recent years, analyses of series of typical structures under certain ground motions have been carried out through inelastic dynamic response analysis program in order to verify some seismic design methods and measures in foreign codes. But the similar research work has not been found in our country. The purpose of this thesis is to develop an inelastic dynamic response analysis program, and to study seismic behaviors of RC structures under earthquakes at various levels through this program, then to verify the validity of seismic measures in Chinese code through theoretical analyses.
The main research work finished in this thesis is as followings:
①Based on the early researches of the author’s research group, an inelastic dynamic response analysis program for RC frame and frame-wall structures was developed. In this program, the one-component model is applied to the beam and column members, and the multi-vertical-element model (MVEM) is applied to wall elements. The program has been verified through the comparisons of results analyzed by this program and those by a well-known similar foreign program IDARC5.5, and the comparisons between simulated results of shaking table tests of model structures analyzed by this program and those tested. The value of the coefficient c of the height of the relative rotation center in MVEM was analyzed.
②The research findings of the R-μ-T relation and overstrength effect in seismic design principle of RC structures were summarized. The different methods of capacity
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