摘要
南非作家约翰·马克斯韦尔·库切(John Maxwell Coetzee,1940-)是当今国际文坛最有影响力的作家之一。迄今为止,他已经出版过十四部小说与多部散文集和文学评论集。他两次获得布克奖,2003年的诺贝尔文学奖更将他推向了世界文坛的顶峰。库切是一个有责任感的作家,在1992年出版的《双重视角：散文和访谈录》(Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews)一书中,他说,“世间存在的苦难,不仅仅是人类的苦难把作为人、作为一个存在的个人的我压垮,以至我的思维陷入混乱和无助。我的这些小说创作是我为了不被压垮而做出的微小而可笑的反抗,对此我十分了然。”库切一生在自己的创作中批判现实,企盼世界多些光明。在他看来,现实世界充斥着暴力、仇恨和压迫,他生活的南非社会就是一个不公平的社会,出于对南非社会的不满,他1961年去了英国,但令他无奈的是,英国同样缺少公平、正义和文化,和当初离开南非一样,他于1965年带着对英国的无限失望去了美国,可是美国的霸权让他难以忍受,1972年,他又回到了南非,南非的种族冲突和仇恨让他彻底绝望。2002年,他移居澳大利亚,但他依然没有找到理想中的完美世界。他不同时期创作的小说清晰地反映了他的失望和倔强,他不满现实,而且拒绝与现实妥协。本论文结合库切的四组小说对他的创作和人生态度进行了论述。
“前言”部分首先介绍了库切小说的创作背景,探讨了库切“拒绝妥协”的生存态度；其次通过梳理库切研究现状,指出现有库切研究中存在的特点和不足；最后说明本论文的主旨：库切拒绝与现实妥协,因为现实和他心目中的完美世界有着太大的差距。在他看来,人类社会应该是一个公正、和平、充满无私忘我的“大爱”的和谐世界。
第一章集中分析了自传体小说《童年》(Boyhood,1997)和《青春》(Youth,2002)中库切对于英帝国的态度。库切指出：面对英国,殖民地人一般都有一种“自卑情结”。他们对自己的出生地非常不满,对英帝国则充满无限的崇敬和神往,然而库切毫不留情地揭示,现实中的英国不仅存在种族歧视,还缺少起码的社会正义,伦敦也不是想象中的高雅文化之都,通过对这些状况的无情揭露,库切颠覆了英帝国的神话。
第二章聚焦于《等待野蛮人》(Waiting for the Barbarians,1980)中库切对美国式霸权的批判。库切在这部小说中描写了一个与美帝国相类似的想象世界,这里的帝国为了转嫁内部危机和炫示自己的权威,把境外无辜的游牧民族刻画成威胁帝国安全的野蛮人,并对他们发动军事进攻。小说通过展示帝国建构野蛮人并暴力惩罚他们的过程,揭示了帝国的野蛮霸权,小说还充分展示了霸权淫威下扭曲的人性。库切借助小说中的对想象国度的描写,入木三分地批判了现实世界中美式霸权的虚伪和野蛮。
第三章研究了《迈克尔·K的生活和时代》(The Life and Times of Michael K,1983)、《铁器时代》(Age of Iron,1990)和《耻》(Disgrace,1999)等三部小说,在这些作品中,库切表达了对种族隔离制度结束前后的南非社会的严重不满。八十年代的南非充斥着暴力冲突,其根源是不平等的种族关系。库切虽然支持种族平等,但他反对黑人的暴力解放运动,他认为黑人的暴力运动是对历史的重复。后种族隔离时代的南非,依然矛盾重重。库切不赞同真相与和解委员会促进种族和解的做法。在他看来,白人只有生活在耻辱之中才能走出白人中心主义的窠臼。
第四章围绕《伊丽莎白·科斯特洛：八堂课》(Elizabeth Costello:Eight Lessons,2005)和《慢人》(Slow Man,2005)等小说展开论述,在这些作品中,库切对澳大利亚社会表达了自己的失望情绪。第一节集中探讨了库切笔下澳大利亚女性作家被双重边缘化的命运：作为女性,她们难逃男权社会的歧视和压迫；作为作家,和男性作家一样,要受到主流文学体制的压迫。第二节分析了库切笔下澳大利亚移民的生存困境。澳大利亚是一个典型的移民国家。在澳大利亚移民不仅受到主流社会的歧视和排斥,有时还面临其他移民的欺凌。因此,这些作品表明澳大利亚离库切心目中的理想国度的目标还有很大的距离。
“结论”部分在总结全文主要内容之后,分析了库切与其他后殖民流散作家的异同。和其他后殖民作家一样,库切一生追求自己的艺术梦想,除此之外,他还追求一个道德的和谐世界。他一生在很多国家生活过,但是没有一个地方是他的精神家园,因为它们都不符合他心中预设的那一公平、正义、充满无私“大爱”的完美世界。论文总结了库切艺术成就,并在此基础上指出了他的不足。
South African writer John Maxwell Coetzee (1940-) is one of the most influential writers in contemporary world literature. A dashingly versatile and prolific writer, Coetzee has produced fourteen novels and many books of essays and critical works. He has won the Booker McConnell Prize twice, which makes him the first to receive this honor in world literature. His literary career reached its culmination when Nobel Prize was bestowed upon him in 2003.
In Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews (1992), Coetzee points to the purpose of his writing:"I, as a person, as a personality, am overwhelmed, that my thinking is thrown into confusion and helplessness, by the fact of suffering in the world, and not only human suffering. These fictional constructions of mine are paltry, ludicrous defenses against that being-overwhelmed, and to me, transparently so." This dissertation seeks to offer an investigation of Coetzee's disappointments with and denunciation of the realities of this world. All his life, Coetzee moved from one country to another in search of a world less brought down by suffering. He was repeatedly let down, but he has refused compromises with suffering, violence, hatred and indifference. He aspires to a harmonious world of justice and selfless love but sees everywhere nothing but violence and oppression. He left for England in 1961 out of his dissatisfaction with South Africa, only to find a cultural desert with similar injustices. He went to America in 1965, where the imperial hegemony is no less abominable and disheartening. His return in 1972 to South Africa, where violent racial conflicts still constituted a major aspect of that country's social milieu, ended in his total despair and detestation, which drove him afar to further emigrate to Australia. Predictably, no paradisial peace and harmony was found there, and clearly Coetzee's quest for an ideal country remains to be continued in his fictional world. Behind novels of different phases in his literary career, there is demonstrably a disappointed but uncompromising Coetzee who finds no satisfaction in reality yet accepts nothing less than what he demands of it. This dissertation makes an analysis through a close reading of four groups of his novels of Coetzee's attitudes towards his literary creation and his outlook on the world we live in.
This dissertation is divided into six parts. The "Introduction" presents a general sketch of Coetzee's literary background, giving specificity to the influence exerted by his character and experiences on his "irreconcilable" attitude to the imperfections of the world. Through an overall review of the Coetzee criticism of recent years, I contend that there has not been sufficient emphasis on his ethical articulation. This dissertation argues that Coetzee's fiction writing gives expression to a persistent dissatisfaction with the world in which we live in.
Chapter One discusses Coetzee's disappointments with British Empire. For Coetzee, ex-colonials always have an inferiority complex. They are dissatisfied with their homeland and full of fantasies about the metropolis. Coetzee, with skill and dexterity in his literary creation, subverts the myths about the British society, which to him is characterized by a hopeless state of racial discrimination and social injustice. For him, London is not a high culture hub and the philistinism of the Londoners is depressing.
Chapter Two focuses on Coetzee's depiction of the American-style hegemonic empire in Waiting for the Barbarians. The empire needs a "barbarian" enemy to bear the consequences of its domestic conflicts and flaunt its self-importance. The nomadic tribe outside the borders is constructed as barbarians and then attacked. Coetzee unveils the process of that construction and lays bare the hegemony of Empire and its barbarity. It exposes the deformed humanity in the Empire through a panoramic view of the "barbarians"—some are punished by Empire due to their support of justice; some have to succumb to hegemony although they support justice; others go along with the evil-doer and give support to hegemony.
Chapter Three looks into Coetzee's fictions set in South Africa such as Life and Times of Michael K, Age of Iron and Disgrace. In the 1980s, South Arica was torn with racial conflicts and violence. The whites were complicit in racial crimes. Coetzee supports racial equality, but he disapproves of the militant vengefulness of the blacks. To him, the violent struggle of the blacks repeated the injustices of racialist history, bringing no peace in post-apartheid South Africa. Coetzee is also against what TRC does to alleviate racial hostility and he holds that the whites should live in disgrace for salvation.
Chapter Four examines Coetzee's representation of Australia in Elizabeth Costello: Eight Lessons and Slow Man. The first part of this chapter is about the double-marginalization of the female writers. Coetzee depicts women writers as a marginalized community in this phallocentric society. And he portrays writers who struggle while trying to please the mainstream literary institutions, e.g. the publishers, readers and critics to win acceptance. The second part of this chapter focuses on the life of the immigrants living under the pressure of mainstream society in Australia.
In the "Conclusion", a comparison is made between Coetzee and some other post-colonialist writers. It is revealed that Coetzee, like other writers from the Third World, moved to the metropolis with all his literary aspirations, but his consistent pursuit of a world of ethical perfection makes him different. Coetzee has lived in several countries, but none of them became his spiritual home. His perfect world is one with justice, equality and selfless love. It looks like his pursuit of such a good world would have yet to continue.
引文
1 J.M.Coetzee, "Interview" with David Attwell", in David Attwell, ed., Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. Cambridge:Harvard UP,1992, p.248.
2 Ibid. p.394.
1 J.M.Coetzee, "Interview" with David Attwell", in David Attwell, ed. Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. Cambridge:Harvard UP,1992, p.393.
2 Helen Tiffen, "Post-colonial Literatures and Counter-discourse", in Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffen, eds., The Post-colonial Studies Peader. London and New York:Routledge,1995, p.96.
3 Kenneth Parker, "J.M.Coetzee:The Postmodern and the Postcolonial", in Graham Huggan and Stephen Watson, eds., Critical Perspectives on J.M.Coetzee. New York:Macmillan Press,1996, p.101.
1 Mike Miarais, "Hospitality in the early Fiction", in Secretary of the Invisible:The Idea of Hospitality in the Fiction of J.M.Coetzee. Radopi:New York,2009, p.7.
2 Anonymous, "J(hon) M. Coetzee." Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol.33. p.106. J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p.224.
2 Ibid. p.338.
3 Ibid. p.200.
1转引自聂珍钊：《英国文学的伦理学批评》,武汉：华中师范大学出版社,2007年,第五页。
2同上。
1 Nadine Gordimer, "Preface", in Graham Huggan and Stephen Watson, eds., Critical Perspectives on J.M.Coetzee. New York:Macmillan Press,1996, p.ⅹⅰ.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews, p.337.
2 Ibid. p.98.
3 J.M.Coetzee, "Harry Mulish, The Discovery of Heaven", Stranger Shores:Essays 1986-1999. London:Vintage,2002, p.53.
4 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews, p.96.
5 Ibid. p.341.
1 J.M.Coetzee, "The Man Who Went for Truth", Guardian Review,20 (January 2001), p.1-3.
2 Emmanuel Levinas, Ethics and Infinity. Translated by Richard A. Cohen. Pittsburg:Duquesne UP,1985, p.203.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Stranger Shores:Essays 1986-1999. pp.7-8.
1 Jim Davidson, "Coetzee's Siberian Wastes", Australian Book Review. June/July 2002, p.58.
2转引自黄伟合：《欧洲传统伦理思想史》,上海：华东师范大学出版社,1991年,第31页。
3柏拉图：《理想国》,郭斌和译,北京：商务印书馆,1986年,第34页。
4转引自万俊人：《现代西方伦理学史》,北京：北京大学出版社,1992年,第692页。
1 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p.97.
2 Ibid. p.62.
3 Ibid. p.65.
4 Ibid. p.392.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews.p.394.
2 Anonymous, "Searching for Coetzee—The Giants's Retreat", The Weekend Australian. August 3,2002, p.r01.
3 Joseph Luzzi, "A Misspent Youth", Salmagundi. Fall2004/Winter2005,144/145, p.200.
1 Michaelle de Kresler, "Human Condition Laid Bare", The Weekend Australian. Junel,2002, p.r10.
2 Gillian Dooley, "Alien an Adrift:The Diasporic Sensibility in V.S. Naipaul's Half a Life and J.M.Coetzee's Youth " New Literatures Review. No.40, Winter2003, p.11.
3 John Updike, "The Story of Himself", The New Yorker.78.19 (July15 2002):18.
1 Ed Peaco, "Review of Boyhood", The Antioch Review, Vol.56, No.3,Summer 1998, p.375.
2 John Rees Moore, "Childhood's Travails", The Sewanee Review, Vol.106, No.4, Fall1998, p.xcv.
1 Mark Mathabane, "Out of South Africa", The Washington Post, sep.21,1997,p.x01.
2 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews.p.393.
3 Michaelle de Kresler, "Human Condition Laid Bare", The Weekend Australian. Junel,2002, p.r10.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews.p.394.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essavs and Interviews.p.29.
2 John Rees Moore, "Childhood's Travails", The Sewanee Review. Vol.106. No.4. Fall 1998. p.xcv.
3 Dominic Head, "Coetzee's Life", The Cambridge Introduction to J.M.Coetzee. New York:Cambridee Universitv Press. 2009. p.5.
4 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p.394.
1 Dominic Head, The Cambridge Introduction to J.M.Coetzee. p.12.
2 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p.368.
3 J.M.Coetzee, "Erasmus:Madness and Rivalry", Giving Offense:Essays on Censorship. Chicago:Chicago Press,1986, pp.91-92.
4 Mark Mathabane, "Out of South Africa", The Washington Post. sep.21,1997, p.x01.
1 Caryl Phillips, "Life and Times of John C", The New Republic. Feb.9,1998, p.37.
2 Dominic Head, The Cambridge Introduction to J.M.Coetzee. p.3.
3 Ibid.p.96.
1 J.M.Coetzee, "Nadine Gordimer", Inner Workings. London:Harvill Secker,2007, pp.244-245.
2 Michaelle de Kresler, "Human Condition Laid Bare", The Weekend Australian. Junel,2002, p.r10.
3 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews, pp.342-2.
4 Ibid. P.342.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews.p.376.
2 Dominic Head, The Cambridge Introduction to J.M.Coetzee. p.6.
3 Ibid. p.6.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. pp.96-97.
2 John Rees Moore, "Childhood's Travails", The Sewanee Review. Vol.106, No.4, Fall 1998, p.xcv.
3 Ibid.p.xcv.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p.98.
2 Ed Peaco, "Review of Boyhood", The Antioch Review. Vol.56, No.3, Summer1998, p.375, pp.374-5.
3 Martin Dubin, "One Writer's Very Grim Beginnings", The Washington Times. Feb.22,1998, p. B7.
4 Dominic Head, The Cambridge Introduction to J.M.Coetzee. p.4.
1 Dorothy Driver, "Woman as Sign in the South African Colonial Enterprise", Journal of Literary Studies. Vol.4, No.l, March 1998, p.13.
2 Robin Visel, "A Half-Colonization:The Problem of the White Colonial Writer", Kunapipi x.3,1998, p.39.
1 Gillian Dooley, "Alien an Adrift:The Diasporic Sensibility in V.S. Naipaul's Half a Life and J.M.Coetzee's Youth ", New Literatures Review. No.40, Winter2003, p.5.
2 J.M.Coetzee, Stranger Shores:Essays 1986-1999. p.2.
1 J.M.Coetzee, "William Faulkner and His Biographers", Inner Workings. London:Harvill Secker,2007, p.191.
2 Jame Ley, "Cultural Isolation", The Age. June 1,2002, p.9.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p.50.
2 Martin Dubin, "One Writer's Very Grim Beginnings", The Washington Times. Feb.22,1998, p. B7.
1 Shaunagh O'Connor, "Youthful Dreams that Die of Despair", Herald Sun. Junel,2002, p.w30.
2 Andrew Riemer, "Bleak Truths in Fantasy Land", Sydney Morning Herald. June8,2002, p.10.
1 Oliver Robison. "Review of Youth". The Observer. Feb.9.2003. p.18.
2 Dominic Head, The Cambridge Introduction to J.M.Coetzee. p.10.
3 Gillian Dooley, "Alien an Adrift:The Diasporic Sensibility in V.S. Naipaul's Half a Life and J.M.Coetzee's Youth ", p.7.
1 John Updike, "The Story of Himself', The New Yorker 78.19 (July15 2002):18.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews.p.337.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Diary of a Bad Year. London:Harvill Secker.2007, p.44.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Inner Workings. p.277.
1 Andrew Riemer, "Bleak Truths in Fantasy Land", p.10.
2 John Updike, "The Story of Himself", p.18.
3 Hilary Mantel, "Craving Fire and Ardour", The Spectator. April 20,2002, p.39.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p.398.
1 Gillian Dooley, "Alien an Adrift:The Diasporic Sensibility in V.S. Naipaul's Half a Life and J.M.Coetzee's Youth " p.2.
2 J.M.Coetzee, Stranger Shores:Essays 1986-1999. p.3.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Stranger Shores:Essays 1986-1999. p.2.
2 Andrew Riemer, "Bleak Truths in Fantasy Land", p.10.
3 Martin Dubin, "One Writer's Very Grim Beginnings", The Washington Times. Feb.22,1998, p. B9.
4 Jame Ley, "Cultural Isolation", p.9.
1 Michaelle de Kresler, "Human Condition Laid Bare", The Weekend Australian. Junel,2002, p.r10.
2 Robert Wilson, "A Rake's Progress", The Washington Post. August 4,2002, P. T 15.
3 John Rees Moor, "A Time of Troubles", The Sewanee Review. Vol.113, No.l, Winter 2005, p.10.
1 Joseph Luzzi, "A Misspent Youth", pp.205-206.
1 Lars Engle, "Being Literary in the Wrong Way, Time and Place:J.M.Coetzee's Youth." English Studies in Africa. 2006(49,2), p.31.
1 Gillian Dooley, "Alien an Adrift:The Diasporic Sensibility in VS. Naipaul's Half a Life and J.M.Coetzee's Youth ", p.2.
2 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p.393.
3 J.M.Coetzee, Stranger Shores:Essays 1986-1999. pp.2-3.
1 Lars Engle, "Being Literary in the Wrong Way, Time and Place:J.M.Coetzee's Youth", p.39.
2 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews.p.96.
1 T. Kai Norris Faston, "Text and Hinterland:J.M.Coetzee and the South African Novel", Journal of South African Studies 24.4 (December 1995), p.590.
2 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. pp.51-52.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p.28.
2 J.M.Coetzee, Stranger Shores:Essays 1986-1999. p.307.
3 Ibid. p.306.
1 John Updike, "The Story of Himself", p.18.
2 Joseph Luzzi, "A Misspent Youth", p.203.
3 Anonymous, "Searching for Coetzee—The Giants's Retreat", p.r01.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p.394.
2 Rosemary Jane Jolly, "Territorial Metaphor in Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians." Ariel.20.2(1989), p.69.
1 Susan VanZanten Gallagher, "The Novelist and Torture:Waiting for the Barbarians", in A Story of South Africa: J.M.Coetzee's Fiction in Context. New York:Harvard College Press,1991,p.116.
2 Dominic Head, "An Ethical Awakening:'Waiting for the Barbarians"',in J.M.Coetzee. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1997, pp.72-75.
3 David Attwell, "Reading the Signs of History:Waiting for the Barbarians", in J.M.Coetzee:South Africa and the Politics of Writing. California:University of California Press,1993, pp.73-74.
4 Rosemary Jane Jolly, "Territorial Metaphor in Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians", p.70.
5 Michael Valdez Moses, "The Mark of Empire:Writing, History and Torture in Coetzee's Waiting for theBarbarians", The Kenyon Review.15.1 (Winter 1993) pp.116-123.
1转引自：陆建德：“不屈不饶的博学”,《读书》,2003年2月,第5页。
2 J.M.Coetzee, "J.M.Coetzee——Speaking in Tongues", The Weekend Australian January.28,2006, p.l.
3 J.M.Coetzee, "Voice and Trajectory:An Interview with J.M.Coetzee", Salmagundi. Spring 1997,114/115.p.95.
4 Susan VanZanten Gallagher, "Torture and the Novel:J.M.Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians", Contemporary Literature 29.2 (Summer 1998), p.280.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews.p.362.
2 Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin, eds., Key Concepts in Post-colonial Studies. London and New York: Routledge,1998, p.116-117.
1卡瓦菲斯：《卡瓦菲斯诗集》,黄灿然译,石家庄：河北教育出版社,2002,第14-15页。
2 Maria Bolesti, "Barbaric Encounters:Rethinking Barbarism in C.P.Cavafy's and J.M.Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians", Comparative Literature Studies. Vol.44, No.1-2,2007, p.68.
1 Stephen Greenblatt, Renaissance of Self-Fashioning:From More to Shakespeare. Chicago:Chicago UP,1980, p.9.
2 Edward W Said, Orientalism, London and Henley:Routledge & Kegan Paul,1978, p.68.
3 Hayden White, Tropics of Discourse. London:Johns Hopkins UP,1978, p.152.
4 Maria Bolesti, "Barbaric Encounters:Rethinking Barbarism in C.P.Cavafy's and J.M.Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians", p.69.
5齐努瓦·阿切比：“非洲的一种形象：论康拉德《黑暗的心脏》中的种族主义”,选自巴特·穆尔·吉尔伯特主编《后殖民批评》,北京：北京大学出版社,2001年,第191页。
1 Michael Valdez Moses, "The Mark of Empire:Writing, History and Torture in Coetzee's Waiting for theBarbarians", The Kenyon Review.15.1 (Winter 1993),p.116.
2 Bill Ashcroft, "Irony, Allegory and Empire:Waiting for the Barbarians and In the Heart of the Country," in Sue Kossew ed., Critical Essays on J.M.Coetzee. New York:G.K. Hall & Co.,1998, p.103.
3 J.M.Coetzee, White Writing. New Haven and London:Yale UP,1988, pp.13-24.
1 Susan VanZanten Gallagher, A Story of South Africa:J.M.Coetzee's Fiction in Context.p.132.
2 Maria Bolesti, "Barbaric Encounters:Rethinking Barbarism in C.P.Cavafy's and J.M.Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians", p.71.
3 J.M.Coetzee, Diary of a Bad Year. p.4.
4 Ibid. p.4.
1陆建德：“碎片中的政治与性情——读库切的新作《凶年纪事》”,《花城》,2008年10月,第8-9页。
2 J.M.Coetzee, Diary of a Bad Year.p.31.
1 Robert Spencer, "J.M.Coetzee and Colonial Violence", Interventions. Vol.10 (2),2008, p.174.
2 Rebecca Saunders, "The Agony and Allegory:The Concept of the Foreign, the Language of Apartheid, and the Fiction of J.M.Coetzee", Culture Critique. No.47,2002, p.216.
3 Maria Bolesti, "Barbaric Encounters:Rethinking Barbarism in C.P.Cavafy's and J.M.Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians", p.80.
4 Paul Rich, "Apartheid and the Decline of Civilization Idea:An Essay on Nadine Gordimer's July's People and J.M.Coetzee' Waiting for the Barbarians", Research in African Literature 15.3 (Autumn 1984),p.382.
5陆扬：《后现代性的文本阐释：福柯和德里达》,上海：上海三联书店,2000年,第40页。
6 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews.p.362.
1 Matt DelConte, "A Further Study of Present Tense Narration:The Absentee Narratee and Four-Wall Present Tense in Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians and Disgrace", Journal of Narrative Theory.37.3,2007, p.474.
2 Yuan Yuan, "The Subject of Reading and the Colonial Unconscious:Countertransference in J.M.Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians", The American Journal of Psychoanalysis. Vol.60, No.1,2000, p.77.
3 Rebecca Saunders, "The Agony and Allegory:The Concept of the Foreign, the Language of Apartheid, and the Fiction of J.M.Coetzee", p.216.
4 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews.p.365.
1 Jennifer Wenzel, "Keys to the Labyrinth:Writing, Torture and Coetzee's Barbarian Girl", Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature. Vol.15,No.l,1996,p.63.
2 Barbara Eckstein, "The Body, the Word and the State:J.M.Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians", p.184.
3 Maria Bolesti, "Barbaric Encounters:Rethinking Barbarism in C.P.Cavafy's and J.M.Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians", p.87.
1 Yuan Yuan, "The Subject of Reading and the Colonial Unconscious:Countertransference in J.M.Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians", pp72-78.
2 Stef Craps, "J.M.Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians and the Ethics of Testimony", English Studies. Vol.88, No.l, 2007,p.62.
3 Paul Rich, "Apartheid and the Decline of Civilization Idea:An Essay on Nadine Gordimer's July's People and J.M.Coetzee' Waiting for the Barbarians", p.382.
4 Rebecca Saunders, "The Agony and Allegory:The Concept of the Foreign, the Language of Apartheid, and the Fiction of J.M.Coetzee", p.216.
5 Barbara Eckstein, "The Body, the Word and the State:J.M.Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians", p.183.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews.p.248.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews.p.362.
2 Jennifer Wenzel, "Keys to the Labyrinth:Writing, Torture and Coetzee's Barbarian Girl", p.66.
1 Elaine Scarry, The Body in Pain:The Making and Unmaking of the World. New York:Oxford UP,1985, P.4.
2米歇尔·福柯：《规训与惩罚》,刘北成杨远婴译,北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1999年,第51-53页。
1 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews.pp.363-366.
2 J.M.Coetzee, Elizabeth Costello:Eights Lessons. London:Seker and Warburg,2003,p.156.
3 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews.p.363.
4米歇尔·福柯：《规训与惩罚》,第63页。
5 J.M.Coetzee, Diary of a Bad Year.p.21.
1 Barbara Eckstein, "The Body, the Word and the State:J.M.Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians",p.177.
2 J.M.Coetzee, "J.M.Coetzee——Speaking in Tongues", The Weekend Australian. January 28,2006,p.1.
3 Julian Gitzen, "The Voice of History in the Novels of J.M.Coetzee", Critique.35:1,1993,p.9.
4 J.M.Coetzee, "Voice and Trajectory:An Interview with J.M.Coetzee", p.96.
1 Maria Bolesti, "Barbaric Encounters:Rethinking Barbarism in C.P.Cavafy's and J.M.Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians", p.67.
2 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p.340.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Diary of a Bad Year. p.6.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p.209.
1 Paul Rich, "Apartheid and the Decline of Civilization Idea:an Essay on Nadine Gordimer's July's People and J.M.Coetzee' Waiting for the Barbarians", p.382.
2 Robert Spencer, "J.M.Coetzee and Colonial Violence", p.176.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p.340.
2 J.M.Coetzee, "Voice and Trajectory:An Interview with J.M.Coetzee", p.95.
3 Troy Urquhart, "Truth, Reconciliation and the Restoration of the State:Coetzee's Waiting for the Barharians",Twentieth-Century Literature 52.1 Spring 2006, p.11.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. pp.394-395.
2 Sam Durrant, Postcolonial Narrative and the Work of Mourning:J.M.Coetzee, Wilson Harris and Toni Morrison. New York:State University of New York Press,2004, p.31.
1 J.M.Coetzee, "J.M.Coetzee——Speaking in Tongues", p.1.
2 David Attwell. "Coetzee's Estrangements." Novel.41,2/3,2008, p.230.
1 Robert Spencer, "J.M.Coetzee and Colonial Violence", p.177.
2 Bebra A. Castillo, "The Composition of the Self in Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians." Critique.27:2,1996, p.79.
1 J.M.Coetzee, "Voice and Trajectory:An Interview with J.M.Coetzee", p.96.
2 Barbara Eckstein, "The Body, the Word and the State:J.M.Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians", p.193. 3 J.M.Coetzee, Inner Workings. p.246.
1 Derek Attridge. "Introduction to Inner Workings", Inner Workings. p.xiv.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p.363.
2 Maria Bolesti, "Barbaric Encounters:Rethinking Barbarism in C.P.Cavafy's and J.M.Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians", pp75-6.
1 Julian Gitzen, "The Voice of History in the Novels of J.M.Coetzee", p.9.
1 Bill Ashcroft, "Irony, Allegory and Empire:Waiting for the Barbarians and In the Heart of the Country", in Sue Kossew ed., Critical Essays on J.M.Coetzee. p.103.
2 Bebra A. Castillo, "The Composition of the Self in Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians." p.81.
3 Troy Urquhart, "Truth, Reconciliation and the Restoration of the State:Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians", pp.11-2.
1 Michael Valdez Moses, "The Mark of Empire:Writing, History and Torture in Coetzee's Waiting for theBarbarians", p.118.
1 Derek Attridge, "Against Allegory:Waiting for the Barbarians, Life and times of Michael K and the Question of Literary Reading ", in Jane Poyner ed., J.M.Coetzee and the Idea of the Public Intellectual, Ohio:Ohio University Press, 2006, pp.43-4.
1 Matt DelConte, "A Further Study of Present Tense Narration:The Absentee Narratee and Four-Wall Present Tense in Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians and Disgrace", p.476.
2 Susan VanZanten Gallagher, "Torture and the Novel:J.M.Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians." p.285.
3 Julian Gitzen, "The Voice of History in the Novels of J.M.Coetzee", p.9.
4 Sam Durrant, Postcolonial Narrative and the Work of Mourning:J.M.Coetzee, Wilson Harris and Toni Morrison.p.44.
1 Barbara Eckstein, "The Body, the Word and the State:J.M.Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians", p.186.
2 Robert M Post. "Oppression in the Fiction of J.M.Coetzee", p.71.
3 Susan VanZanten Gallagher, "Torture and the Novel:J.M.Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians." p.280.
4 Robert Spencer, "J.M.Coetzee and Colonial Violence", p.174.
1米歇尔·福柯：《规训与惩罚》,第63页。
2 Barbara Eckstein, "The Body, the Word and the State:J.M.Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians", p.193.
1 Robert Spencer, "J.M.Coetzee and Colonial Violence", p.173.
1 Barbara Eckstein, "The Body, the Word and the State:J.M.Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians", p.186.
2 Ibid. p.193.
1 Bebra A. Castillo, "The Composition of the Self in Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians", p.54.
2 Rosemary Jane Jolly, "Territorial Metaphor in Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians", p.77.
1 Kate Millett, The Politics of Cruelty:An Essay on the Literature of Polotical Imprisonment. New York:Norton,1994, p.190.
2 Maria Bolesti, "Barbaric Encounters:Rethinking Barbarism in C.P.Cavafy's and J.M.Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians", p.87.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews.p202.
2 J.M.Coetzee, "The Novel Today", Upstream 6.1 (Summer 1988).pp2-5.
3 Theodor Adorno, "Commitment", Aesthetic and Politics. Ronald Taylor, ed., London:NLB,1977, pp.187-190.
4转引自Susan VanZanten Gallagher, A Story of South Africa:J.M.Coetzee's Fiction in Context. p.213
5 Derek Attridge, "Trusting the Other", in J.M.Coetzee and the Ethics of Reading. Chicago:Chicago University Press. 2004, p.99.
6 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. pp.98-9.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p.342.
2转引自黄伟合：《欧洲传统伦理思想史》,第93页。
3同上,第220页。
4 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p.249.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p.97.
2 Ibid. p.67.
1 J.M. Coetzee, White Writing:On the Culture of Letters in South Africa. New Haven:Yale University Press,1988, preface.
1 J.M. Coetzee, "Interview" by Richard Begam, Contemporary Literature, Vol.33, No.3, Autumn1992, p.425.
2 Laura Wright, "Resisting the Voice:Waiting for the Magistrate and Michael K", in Writing "Out of All the Camps" J.M.Coetzee's Narrative of Displacement. New York:Routledge,2006, p73.
3 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews.p.375.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews.p.96,
2 Dominic Head, J.M.Coetzee. pp.93-4.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Stranger Shores:Essays 1986-1999. p.50.
2 Susan VanZanten Gallagher, A Story of South Africa:J.M.Coetzee's Fiction in Context. p.140.
3 David E. Heogberg, "'Where is Hope?——Coetzee's Rewriting of Dante in Age of Iron'", English in Africa, Vol.25, No.1, May,1998, p.29.
1 Johan Geertsema, "'We Embrace to Be Embraced':Irony in Age of Iron", English in Africa, Vol.24, No.1, May,1997, p.94.
2 Hesiod, The Works and Days. Trans. R.Lattimore. Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press,1973, pp.19-35.
3 David Attwell, "Interview" with J.M.Coetzee", in Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p200.
1 Jane Poyner, "Writing in the Face of Death:'False Etumologies' and 'Home Truths' in the Age of Iron", in J.M.Coetzee and the Paradox of Postcolonial Authorship. Surrey:Ashgate,2009, pp.115-6.
2 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. P.361.
3 David E. Heogberg,"'Where is Hope?——Coetzee's Rewriting of Dante in Age of Iron'", p.37.
4 Michael Marais, "Who Clipped the Hollyhock? J.M.Coetzee's Age of Iron and the Politics of Representation", English in Africa 20.2,October 1993, P.3.
5 David E. Heogberg,"'Where is Hope?——Coetzee's Rewriting of Dante in Age of Iron"', p.28.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. P.367.
2 Michael Marais, Secretary of the Invisible:The Idea of Hospitality in the Fiction of J.M.Coetzee. p.98.
3 Michael Marais, "Who Clipped the Hollyhock? J.M.Coetzee's Age of Iron and the Politics of Representation", p.21.
1 Michael Marais, "Who Clipped the Hollyhock? J.M.Coetzee's Age of Iron and the Politics of Representation", p.27.
2 Michael Marais, Secretary of the Invisible:The Idea of Hospitality in the Fiction of J.M. Coetzee. P.96.
3 Derek Attridge, J. M. Coetzee and the Ethics of Reading. p.98.
4 Kay Sulk,"'Visiting Himself on Me'—The Angle, the Witness and the Modern Subject of Enunication in J.M.Coetzee's Age of Iron", JLS/TLW. Vol.18, No.3/4, Dec.2002, p.323.
5 Eduard Jordaan, "A White South African Liberal as a Hostage to the Other:Reading J.M.Coetzee's Age of Iron through Levinas", South African Journal of Philosophy. Vol.24, No.1,2005, p.23.
1 Johan Geertsema,"'We Embrace to Be Embraced':Irony in an Age of Iron", p.95.
2 David E. Heogberg, "'Where is Hope?——Coetzee's Rewriting of Dante in Age of Iron'", p.30.
3 .Jane Poyner, J.M.Coetzee and the Paradox of Postcolonial Authorship. P.118.
4 Derek Attridge, J.M.Coetzee and the Ethics ofReading.p.94.
1 Christiane Bimberg, "Perversions and Reversals of Childhood and Old Age in J.M.Coetzee's Age of Iron", Connotations:a Journal for Critical Debate. Vol.15, No.1-3,2005/2006, p.77.
2 Derek Attridge, J.M.Coetzee and the Ethics of Reading. p.103.
3 Ibid. p.101.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p387-8.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p.249.
2 Jane Poyner, J.M.Coetzee and the Paradox of Postcolonial Authorship. p.113.
3 Nadine Gordimer,"The Idea of Gardening:Life and Times of Michael K by J.M.Coetzee", in Sue Kossew, ed.,Critical Essays on J.M.Coetzee. pp.143-144.
4 J.M.Coetzee, "Two Interviews with J.M. Coetzee,1983 and 1987", by Tony Morphet, Triquarterly.68/69,1987, p.459.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p.337.
2 Christiane Bimberg, "Perversions and Reversals of Childhood and Old Age in J.M.Coetzee's Age of Iron", p.61.
3 Jane Poyner, J.M.Coetzee and the Paradox of Postcolonial Authorship. p.113.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p.367.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Giving Offense:Essays on Censorship. p.15.
2 David E. Heogberg,"'Where is Hope?——Coetzee's Rewriting of Dante in Age of Iron"', p.35.
3 J.M.Coetzee, Giving Offense:Essays on Censorship. pp.91-2.
1 Christiane Bimberg, "Perversions and Reversals of Childhood and Old Age in J.M.Coetzee's Age of Iron", p.66.
1 Nadine Gordimer."The Idea of Gardening:Life and Times of Michael K by J.M.Coetzee". in Critical Essavs on J.M.Coetzee. pp.143-144.
2 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p.367.
1 Peter D. McDonald, "Disgrace Effects", Interventions. Vol.4, No.3,2002, p.321.
2 Elleke Boehmer, "Sorry, Sorrier, Sorriest:The Gendering of Contrition in J.M.Coetzee's Disgrace", in J.M.Coetzee and the Idea of the Public Intellectual. p.135.
3 Derek Attridge, J.M.Coetzee and the Ethics of Reading.pp.99-100.
4转引自Sue Kossew, "The Politics of Shame and Redemption in J.M.Coetzee's Disgrace", Research in African Literatures. Vol.34, No.2, Summer 2003, p.161.
5 Ian Glenn, "Gone for Good----oetzee's Disgrace," English in Africa. Vol.36, No.2, Oct.2009, p.79.
6 Dennis, Brutus. "Literature and Change in South Africa." Research in African Literature.24 (Fall 1993), p.102.
7转引自Jane Poyner, J.M.Coetzee and the Paradox of Postcolonial Authorship. p.152.
1 Vincent Crapanzano, Waiting:The Whites of South Africa. New York:Random House,1985, p.43.
2 Jane Poyner, J.M.Coetzee and the Paradox of Postcolonial Authorship. p.150.
1 David Attwell & Barbara Harlow, "Introduction:South African Fiction After-Apartheid", Modern Fiction Studies.46 (Spring 2000), p.2.
2 Elleke Boehmer, "Sorry, Sorrier, Sorriest:The Gendering of Contrition in J.M.Coetzee's Disgrace." in J.M.Coetzee and the Idea of the Public Intellectual. pp.136-7.
3 J.M. Coetzee, "J.M.Coetzee in Conversation with Jane Poyner", in J.M.Coetzee and the Idea of the Public Intellectual. p.22.
4 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p.252.
3 Ibid. p.291.
1 J.M.Coetzee. Doubling the Point:Essavs and Interviews. p.282.
2 lbid.p.282-3.
3 Derek Attridge, J.M. Coetzee and the Ethics of Reading. p.101.
1 Elleke Boehmer, "Not Saying Sorry, Not Speaking Pain:Gender Implications in Disgrace", Interventions. Vol.4, No.3, 2002, p.348.
2 Jacques Paww. Into the Heart of Darkness:Confession of Apartheid's Assassins. Johannesburg:Ball,1997, p.19.
3 Mark Sanders, "Disgrace", Interventions. Vol.4, No.3,2002, pp.369-370.
Jane Poyner, J.M.Coetzee and the Paradox of Postcolonial Authorship. p.149.
1 Derek Attridge, J.M.Coetzee and the Ethics of Reading. p.109.
2转引自Jane Poyner, J.M.Coetzee and the Paradox of Postcolonial Authorship. p.150.
3转引自J.M.Coetzee, Stranger Shores:Essays 1986-1999. p.52.
1 Marius Crous, "Male-Male Relationship in J.M.Coetzee's Disgrace", Liberator. Vol.27, No.2,2006, p.35.
2 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p.342.
1 Michael Holland, "'Plink-Plunk':Unforgetting the Present in Coetzee's Disgrace" Interventions. Vol.4. No.3,2002, P.396.
2 Derek Attridge, J.M.Coetzee and the Ethics of Reading. P.101.
3 J.M.Coetzee, Diary of a Bad Year. P.31.
1 Kimberly Wedeven Segall, "Pursuing G hosts:The Traumatic Sublime in J.M.Coetzee's Disgrace." Research in African Literatures. Vol.36, No.4, Winter 2005, p.41.
1 Jane Poyner, J.M.Coetzee and the Paradox of Postcolonial Authorship. p.171.
2 Peter D. McDonald, "Disgrace Effects", Interventions. Vol.4, No.3,2002, p.328.
1 Sue Kossew, "The Politics of Shame and Redemption in J.M.Coetzee's Disgrace", Research in African Literatures. Vol.34, No.2, Summer 2003, p.157.
2 Tom Herron, "The Dog Man:Becoming Animal in Coetzee's Disgrace", Twentieth-Century Literature. Vol.51, No.4, 2005, p.480, p.480.
1 Laura Wright, Writing "Out of All the Camps'":J.M.Coetzee's Narratives of Displacement. New York:Routledge,2006, p.117.
1 Rita Barnard, "J.M.Coetzee's Disgrace and the South African Pastoral." Contemporary Literature. Vol.44, No.2, p.212.
2 Noam Gal, "A Note on the use of Animals for Remapping Victimhood in J.M.Coetzee's Disgrace", African Identities. Vol.6, No.3, August 2008, p.247.
3 Graham Pechey, "Coetzee's Purgatorial Africa:The Case of Disgrace", Interventions. Vol.4, No.3,2002, p.378.
1 Sue Kossew, "The Politics of Shame and Redemption in J.M.Coetzee's Disgrace", p.157.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p.97.
2 Michael Marais, Secretary of the Invisible:The Idea of Hospitality in the Fiction of J.M.Coetzee. p.161.
3 Margot Beard, "Lessons from the Dead Masters:Wordsworth and Byron in J.M.Coetzee's Disgrace", English in Africa. Vol.34, No.1, May 2007, pp.64-5.
4 J.M. Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p.367.
5 Noam Gal, "A Note on the use of Animals for Remapping Victimhood in J.M.Coetzee's Disgrace." African Identities. Vol.6, No.3, August 2008, p.249.
1 Rita Barnard, "J.M.Coetzee's Disgrace and the South African Pastoral", Contemporary Literature. Vol.44, No.2, p.218.
2 J.M. Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. pp.361-368.
1 Gareth Cornwell, "Realism, Rape and J.M.Coetzee's Disgrace", Critique. Vol.43, No.4, p.314.
2 J.M. Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p.367.
1 J.M. Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p.368.
2 Graham Pechey, "Coetzee's Purgatorial Africa:The Case of Disgrace", Interventions. Vol.4, No.3,2002, p.377.
1 Jennifer Wenzel, "The Pastoral Promise and the Political Imperative:The Plaasroman Tradition in the Era of Land Reform", Modern Fiction Studies. Vol.46, No.1,2000, p.96.
2 Dominic Head, The Cambridge Introduction to J.M.Coetzee. P.77. 2002, p.342.
3 Elleke Boehmer, "Not Saying Sorry, Not Speaking Pain:Gender Implications in Disgrace", Interventions. Vol.4, No.3,
4 David Attwell, " Race in Disgrace", Interventions. Vol.4, No.3,2002, p.338.
5 David Attwell & Barbara Harlow, "Introduction:South African Fiction After-Apartheid", Modern Fiction Studies.46 (Spring 2000), p.2.
6 J.M. Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p.62.
7 Mary Eagleton, "Ethical Reading:The Problem of Alice Walker's Adancing Luna—and Ida B. Wells and J.M.C oetzee's Disgrace", Feminist Theory 2 (2001), p.191.
1 Elleke Boehmer, in J.M.Coetzee and the Idea of the Public Intellectual. pp.145-6.
2 J.M. Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p.248.
3转移自姜小卫：“库切小说《耻》中的忏悔、宽恕与和解”,《外国文学评论》,2007年第3期,第36页。
1转引自Rosemary Jolly, "Going to the Dogs:Humanity in J.M.Coetzee's Disgrace, The Lives of Animals and South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission", in J.M.Coetzee and the Idea of the Public Intellectual. p.149.
1 Anonymous, "Searching for Coetzee—The Giants's Retreat", The Weekend Australian. August 3,2002, p.r01.
1转引自黄伟合：《欧洲传统伦理思想史》,第140页。
2同上,第167页。
1转引自黄伟合：《欧洲传统伦理思想史》,第196页。
2 Emmanuel Levinas, Ethics and Infinity. Translated by Richard A. Cohen. Pittsburg:Duquesne UP,1985, p.203.
3转引自万俊人：《现代西方伦理学史》,第239页。
4 J.M.Coetzee, "The Man Who Went for Truth", Guardian Review,20 (January 2001),p.1-3.
1 David Attwell, "The Life and Times of Elizabeth Costello:J.M.Coetzee and the Public Sphere", in J.M.Coetzee and the Idea of the Public Intellectual. pp.33-36.
2 Dominic Head, "A Belief in Frogs:J.M.Coetzee's Enduring Faith in Fiction", in J.M.Coetzee and the Idea of the Public Intellectual. p.110.
3 Laura Wright, Writing Out of All the Camps':J.M.Coetzee's Narratives of Displacement. P.51.
1转引自Derek Attridge, J.M.Coetzee and the Ethics of Reading. p.99.
2 J.M. Coetzee, "The Making of William Faulkner", New York Review of Books. April 7,2005, p.4.
1 J.M.Coetzee, "Two Interviews with J.M.Coetzee,1983 and 1987", by Tony Morphet. Triquarterly.68/69,1987, p.464.
2 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. pp.205-6.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p.67.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Stranger Shores:Essays 1986-1999. pp.271-2.
1 Thorsten Carstense, "Shattering the Word-Mirror in Elizabeth Costello:J.M.Coetzee's Deconstructive Experiment", Journal of Commonwealth Literature. Vol.42(1),2007, p.89.
1 J.M.Coetzee, "Emerging from Censorship", Giving Offense:Essays on Censorship. Chicago:Chicago UP,1996, p.38.
1朱刚,二十世纪西方文论,北京：北京大学出版社,2006,第344-352页。
1 Margaret Lenta, "Coetzee and Costello:Two Artists Abroad", English in Africa. Vol.31, No.l, May 2004, p.110.
1 Patrick Denman Flanery, "(Re-)Making Coetzee and Costello:The [Textual] Lives of Animals", English Studies in Africa. Vol.47, No.1,2004,p.71.
1 J.M.Coetzee, "Speaking in Tongues", The Weekend Australian. January 28,2006, p1.
2 Dominic Head, The Cambridge Introduction to J.M.Coetzee. p.82.
1 David Attwell, "The Life and Times of Elizabeth Costello.J.M.Coetzee and the Public Sphere", in J.M.Coetzee and the Idea of the Public Intellectual. p.36.
1 Patrick Denman Flanery, "(Re-)Making Coetzee and Costello:The [Textual] Lives of Animals", English Studies in Africa. Vol.47, No.l,2004, p.73.
1 Margaret Lenta, "Coetzee and Costello:Two Artists Abroad", English in Africa. Vol.31, No.1, May 2004, p.108.
1 Dirk Klopper,"'We are not made for revelation':Letters to Francis Bacon in the Postscript to J.M.Coetzee's Elizabeth Costello", English in Africa. Vol.35, No.2, Oct.2008, p.124.
2转引自Jane Taylor, "The Impossibility of Ethical Action", Rev. of J.M.Coetzee's Disgrace. Mail and Guardian. July (23-9),1999, p.25.
1 Simon Cooke,"'Unprofitable Excursions':On the Ethics of Empathy in Modernist Discourses on Art and Literature", in Astrid Erll, Herbert Grabes, and Ansgar Nunning, eds., Ethics in Culture:The Dissemination of Values through Literature and Other Media. Berlin:Walter de Gruyter& Co,2008. p.153.
2 Percy Bysshe Shelly, "A Defence of Poetry," in Zachary Leader & Michael O'Neill, eds., The Major Works. Oxford: Oxford UP,2003, p.681.
1 Mike Marais, "J.M.Coetzee's Disgrace and the Task of the Imagination", Journal of Modern Literature. Winter(29,2), 2006, p.78.
2 J.M.Coetzee, Giving Offense:Essays on Censorship. p.84.
1 Mike Marais, "J.M.Coetzee's Disgrace and the Task of the Imagination", Journal of Modern Literature. Winter(29,2), 2006, p.80.
2 Dominic Head, The Cambridge Introduction to J.M.Coetzee. p.82.
1 Margaret Lenta, "Coetzee and Costello:Two Artists Abroad", English in Africa. Vol.31, No.l, May 2004, p.112.
1 Eduard Jordaan, "A White South African Liberal as a Hostage to the Other:Reading J.M.Coetzee's Age of Iron through Levinas", South African Journal of Philosophy. Vol.24, No.1,2005, p.22.
1转引自Benita Parry, "Speech and Silence in the Fictions of J.M.Coetzee", in Graham Huggan & Stephen Watson, eds., Critical Perspectives on J.M.Coetzee. New York:ST. Martin's Press,1996, p.62.
1 Eileen, Battersby, "Why the Nobel Prize Is Going to the Right Man?", The Irish Times. December 10,2003, p.14.
2 Dominic Head, Cambridge Introduction to J.M.Coetzee. p.89.
1 John Docker, The Poetics of Diaspora. London/New York:Routledge,2001, p.ⅶ-ⅷ.
1转引自A.T.Yarwood and S. Knowling. Race Relations in Australian History. Sydney:Methuen,1982, p.16.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Stranger Shores:Essays 1986-1999. p.304.
2 Stephen Castles, Bill Cope, Mary Kalantzis, and Michael Morrissey, Multiculturalism and the Demise of Nationalism in Australia. Sydney:Pluto Press,1990, p.49.
3 Ibid. p.37.
4 Ibid. p.61.
1 Stephen Castles, Bill Cope, Mary Kalantzis, and Michael Morrissey, Multiculturalism and the Demise of Nationalism in Australia. p.117.
1 Stephen Castles, Bill Cope, Mary Kalantzis, and Michael Morrissey, Multiculturalism and the Demise of Nationalism in Australia. p.7.
2 Susan VanZanten Gallagher, A Story of South Africa:J.M.Coetzee's Fiction in Context. p.213.
3 J.M. Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews.p.88.
4 Dominic Head, Cambridge Introduction to J.M.Coetzee.p.84.
5 William H.Gass, Fiction and Figures of Life. New York:Alfred A. Knopf,1970, p.25.
6 Patricia Waugh, Metafiction:The Theory and Practice of Self-conscious Fiction. London:Routledge,2003, p.2.
7戴维·洛奇,《小说的艺术》,北京：作家出版社,1998年,第230页。
1 Robert MacFarlance, "Disorderly Conduct", Sunday Times. August 28,2005, p.45.
2 Charles Matthews, "Whose Life is It anyway?" San Jose Mercury News. Sep28,2005, p.28.
3 John Freeman, "An affecting tale, until an intruder shows up", The Philadelphia Inquirer, Oct.16,2005, p.12.
4 Dominic Head, Cambridge Introduction to J.M.Coetzee. pp.84-86.
1 Dominic Head, Cambridge Introduction to J.M.Coetzee. p.86.
2 Ibid. p.86.
1 Mike Marais, Secretary of the Invisible:The Idea of Hospitality in the Fiction of J.M.Coetzee. p.199.
1马丁·布伯,《我与你》,北京：三联出版社,1986年,第39页。
1 J.M. Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p.72.
1 Dominic Head, Cambridge Introduction to J.M.Coetzee. pp.88-9.
1 Dominic Head, Cambridge Introduction to J.M.Coetzee. p87.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p.62.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p.96.
2 Ibid. p.340.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews. p.97.
2 Ibid. p.244.
1 J.M.Coetzee, Giving Offense:Essays on Censorship. p84.
2 Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin, eds., Key Concepts in Post-colonial Studies. London and New York: Routledge,1998, p.68.
1 Salman Rushdie, Imaginary Homelands:Eaasys and Criticism. London and New York:Granta,1991,p.15.
2转引自：石海军,“记忆与认知：以奈保尔为例”,《外国语文》,2009年第3期,第7页。
3爱德华·W·萨义德,《东方学》,王宇根译,北京：生活、读书、新知三联书店,2007年,第432页。
1转引自：陆扬,《后现代性的文本阐释：福柯与德里达》,上海：上海三联书店,2000年, 第5页。
1转引自：陆扬,《后现代性的文本阐释：福柯与德里达》,第295页。
2转引自Laura Wright, Writing "Out of All the Camps":J.M.Coetzee's Narratives of Displacement.p.75.
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