摘要
鸡伤寒是由鸡伤寒沙门氏菌引起的,以肝、脾等实质器官的病变和下痢为特征,发生于成年鸡和青年鸡的败血性传染病,该病既可水平传播,也能垂直传播。对养鸡业的危害极大。近来年,为了治疗和预防该病,导致抗生素过度使用或滥用,在抗生素的选择性压力下,沙门氏菌的耐药性不断上升,而且对抗生素表现出多重耐药性,使治疗该病变得极其困难。本试验对陕西省富平县某鸡场发病鸡沙门氏菌感染及抗生素耐药情况进行了研究,旨在为临床合理用药提供一定的理论依据和数据参考。
1.从陕西省富平县某鸡场发病鸡采集肝、脾等60份病料,在无菌条件下,分别划线接种普通琼脂平板,37℃培养24 h,革兰氏染色后,显微镜下可见大量两端钝圆、短小且多数为单个存在的革兰氏阴性小杆菌。用分离出菌株的纯培养物挑选出具有代表性的菌落13株进行生化试验,结果显示,分离到的13株菌有10株符合鸡伤寒沙门氏菌的生化特性,有3株能发酵乳糖这一点与以往所报道的不同。致病性试验表明,分离到的鸡伤寒沙门氏菌除S2和S11菌株外,均对雏鸡有较强的致病性。
2.对分离鉴定的13株鸡伤寒沙门氏菌采用纸片扩散法进行21种常用抗菌药物的敏感性试验,结果显示,分离株对新霉素、阿米卡星高度敏感,对痢特灵、卡那霉素中度敏感,对复方新诺明、四环素、先锋必等药物表现为耐药。
3.将筛选出的阿米卡星对发病场后续发病鸡群采用肌肉注射和硫酸新霉素饮水治疗效果显著,用药5天后,病鸡恢复食欲,精神大大好转,粪便中黄绿色稀粪也显著减少,死亡率大大降低,整个鸡群鸡伤寒沙门氏菌病的发病率从50%降到了5%左右。再用1周后,发病率几乎降为0。
Fowl Typhoid is caused by salmonella typhimurium,with the characteristic of liver, spleen and other essential organs lesions and diarrhoea,which is a septic infectious disease that occurs in adult chicken and young chicken. The disease can be transmited horizontally, also can be transmited vertically.It is a great damage to chicken industry.In recent years, antibiotics have been excessively used or abused to treat and prevent this disease. Under the pressure of antibiotics selectivity, drug-resistance of Salmonella has been significantly enhanced accompanying with continuously widened spectrum of multiple drug resistance, which has caused great difficulties on prevention and treatment of the disease.In this study,we do research on the infection of salmonella and drug resistance of pathogenesis chicken in order to provide certain theoretical basis and the reference data for using drug rationally in clinical.
1. 60 specimens of liver and lineal of pathogenesis chickens were separated from a chicken house in Fuping a county of Shaanxi province . Under aseptic conditions,these specimens were stroken inoculation on ordinary agar plate and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. After Gram's method,we can see a large number of both ends of the rounded, short, and most of the existence of a single gram-negative small bacilli under the microscope. 13 representative strains were used for biochemical tests The result showed that the 13 strains isolated from chickens are in line with the biochemical characteristics of Salmonella typhi. Pathogenicity test showed that all the isolates have serious Pathogenicity except S2 and S11.
2. 13 representative strains were used for antimicrobial susceptibility test with 21 kinds of antibiotic in disc diffusion method.The result showed that isolates were highly sensitive to Neomycin and Amikacin, were moderately sensitive to furazolidone and kanamycin and were resistance to Cotrimoxazole, Tetracycline, Pioneer and so on.
3. So Amikacin had been use by intramuscular injection and Neomycin had been used with water to treat Fowl Typhoid for the following pathogenesis chickens and Furazolidon had been used with feed.The result was Significant. After 5 days, pathogenesis chickens restored appetite and their Spirit improved greatly. Yellow-green feces also reduced significantly. The incidence rate decreased greatly with decreasing from 50% to 5%.After another 1 week , the incidence rate decreased to 0.
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