摘要
首先，本文阐述了数字信号处理理论的发展概况，介绍了数字信号处理器的特点和发展现状，以及数字信号处理在电能检测方面的应用。
其次，本文概述了谐波的产生、谐波的危害、谐波的分析及谐波测量的硬件实现，对应用于谐波测量的方法进行了分析和评述。文中针对基于傅里叶变换的谐波测量方法中出现的频谱泄漏问题，进行了详尽的分析和讨论，并阐述了减少频谱泄漏的三种主要方法。通过对交流电信号采样的讨论，指出解决频谱泄漏的问题的基本方法是保证信号频率与采样频率同步。由于电网的基波频率并非始终不变的，因此需要对实际的电网频率进行跟踪检测。
再次，电力系统频率一方面作为衡量电能质量的指标，需加以动态监测；另一方面作为实施安全稳定控制的重要状态反馈量，要求能实时重构。因此，本文着重论述了历史上各种频率测量算法的优缺点，并在自适应调整采样率的等角度采样原则的基础上，提出了一种基于DFT的电网频率测量的自适应估计算法。文中根据算法的不同应用，讨论了其相应的算法流程。仿真试验结果表明该测频算法能够满足现代电网频率测量的实时性、快速性和准确性的要求，并且为抑制频谱泄漏和谐波检测打下了坚实的基础。
最后，为了验证算法的可行性，本文基于TMS320VC5402设计了高速的数据采集检测系统，用以实现三相电路畸变信号的谐波分析和相关电工参量的测量。该系统通过DSP的McBSP口与AD实现高速的数据采集，并采用单片机作为主机，通过DSP的HPI口与TMS320VC5402进行数据通讯。文中对DSP的Bootloader功能进行了简要的描述，列出了部分实验结果。
Firstly, this paper explains the general situation of development about the theory of digital signal, introduces the characteristics and the current situation development of the digital signal processor, and discusses the application of digital signal processing in the electric measurement.
Secondary, this paper expatiates on the harmonic generation, harmonic harm, harmonic analysis and the hardware for measuring harmonics, analyzes and discusses the method applied to measure harmonics. In the paper, the problem of spectrum leakage appearing when adopting Fourier progression in harmonic analysis is analyzed and discussed, and three main methods to solve spectrum leakage are described. Through discussing the samples of AC signal, the basic method to solve spectrum leakage is pointed out, which is to guarantee the same pace between signal frequency and sampling frequency. Because the fundamental frequency of power system is not invariable, it needs to be tracked and measured.
Thirdly, power system frequency as weighing the quality of electric energy needs to be monitored; on the other hand, as the important feedback state for implementing the security and steady controls, it requires being real-time constructed again. Therefore, the paper mainly discusses the pluses and minuses of the multifarious frequency estimation algorithms, and develops an adaptive method of evaluation on DFT for power system frequency, which is based on the equal-angle sampling principle. According to different applications, the corresponding algorithm procedures are provided. Some simulation results are
listed to test that this algorithm can satisfy the demands of frequency measurement for real-time, fast and accuracy, and establish a solid foundation for suppressing spectrum leakage and detecting harmony.
Lastly, in order to verify the feasibility of the algorithm, a fast data collecting and detecting system is designed based on TMS320VC5402 DSP, which is used to analyze and measure the harmonics and some parameters of the triphase distorted electrical signal. This system realizes fast data collecting through connecting the McBSP of DSP with AD, and adopts SCM as the host computer, which communicates the data with TMS320VC5402 through the HPI of DSP. The realization process of Bootloader is described and some experimental results are listed in this paper.
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