摘要
无机微孔晶体材料在工业催化、吸附、分离以及高新技术先进材料领域具有广阔的应用前景。含稀土元素的硅酸盐分子筛由于其高的热稳定性、均匀的孔道及可调控的发光等特性而具有重要的实际应用。本论文工作集中在温和的水热条件下,将计量比的稀土元素引入到硅酸盐微孔骨架中,制备出新颖的发光稀土硅酸盐微孔晶体,系统地研究其发光性质,并进一步研究其离子交换性、离子电导性、磁性;致力于开发一批具有独特结构和优异性能的新型稀土微孔晶体材料。
本文在温和的水热体系中,以碱金属为结构导向剂,合成了一系列新颖结构的发光稀土硅酸盐微孔晶体化合物LnSiO-CJn (n = 1-6, Ln = Ce,,Eu ,Tb, Nd,Sm,Gd,Dy,Er),并利用单晶X-射线衍射解析结构,其中包括: TbSiO-CJ1 (Na_3TbSi_3O_9·3H_2O), CeSiO-CJ2 (Na2.4CeSi_6O_(15)·2.6H_2O), EuSiO-CJ2 (Na_2KEuSi_6O_(15)·2H_2O), EuSiO-CJ3 (K_3EuSi_6O_(15)·H_2O), EuSiO-CJ4 (K_3EuSi_6O_(15)·3H_2O), EuSiO-CJ5A (K_8Eu_3Si_(12)O_(32)(NO_3)·H_2O), EuSiO-CJ5B (K_8Eu_3Si_(12)O_(32)(OH)·H_2O), TbSiO-CJ6 (NaTbSiO_4·0.5H_2O), EuSiO-CJ6 (NaEuSiO_4·0.5H_2O)
这些结构是由[SiO4]四面体和[LnOn](n = 6,7,8)多面体连接成三维开放骨架。他们的结构在一维方向上包含八元环或九元环孔道。水和碱金属阳离子填充于孔道中。其中TbSiO-CJ1是一个首例具有九元环孔道的新型微孔化合物,它结晶在手性空间群P2_12_12_1中,其结构含有独特的螺旋浆构型的手性结构单元[TbSi_6O_9]以及具有较短螺距的硅酸盐螺旋链;LnSiO-CJ2, CJ3, CJ4, CJ5包含由[SiO_4]四面体相互连接而成的硅酸盐单层,相邻的硅酸盐单层通过LnOn(n = 6,7)多面体形成一维八元环孔道的稀土硅酸盐分子筛。LnSiO-CJ6是由LnO_8相互连接成三维结构,单个[SiO_4]四面体以共边(共顶点)镶嵌于其中。
本论文详细研究和讨论了上述化合物的合成方法、影响因素、结构特点以及物理化学性质等,为探索合成具有新颖结构和优良性能的新颖骨架型稀土硅酸盐微孔材料提供了基础。
Microporous materials with regular pore architectures, typically known as zeolites, constitute an important area of materials science because of their widespread applications in catalysis, separation, and host-guest assemblies. In recent decades, microporous silicates hosting lanthanide elements have attracted considerable attention because such materials have high thermal stability, uniform microporosity and tunable optical property that may have many important applications. A number of lanthanide silicates were prepared under high-temperature and high-pressure hydrothermal conditions to search for fast alkali ion. Recently, luminescent microporous lanthanide silicate materials containing stoichiometric amounts of lanthanide (Ln) in the frameworks have been successfully prepared under mild hydrothermal conditions in the presence of alkali metal cations. Notably, Rocha and co-workers first reported AV-5 (Ln=Ce~(3+)) and AV-9 (Ln=Eu~(3+), Tb~(3+), Er~(3+)) that are synthetic analogues of mineral montregianite, and AV-20 (Ln = Eu, Tb, Sm and Ce) that is closely related to hydrated calcium silicate minerals, known as tobermorites. Tsapatsis and co-workers reported Na_(4.8)Ce_2Si_(12)O_30·4H_2O consisting of corrugated [Si_2O_5~(2-)]_∞silicate layers with 5-, 8-rings connected by CeO6. These microporous lanthanide silicate materials exhibit characteristic luminescent properties of lanthanide.
This dissertation is focused on the systematic syntheses, structural characterizations and properties of a series of novel microporous lanthanide silicates with diverse framework structures and interesting luminescent properties. These materials are prepared under mild hydrothermal conditions.
The main results in this dissertation are summarized as follows:
1. A novel luminescent microporous terbium silicate Na_3TbSi_3O_9·3H_2O (denoted TbSiO-CJ1) have been successfully synthesized. TbSiO-CJ1 crystallizes in the enantiomorphic space group P2_12_12_1. Its structure is featured by aΛ-Co(en)_3~(3+)-like chiral unit of [TbSi_6O_9], and contains helical sechser (six) silicate chains and 9-ring channels. The photoluminescent property of TbSiO-CJ1 has been also studied. The green ~5D_4→~7F_5 transitions of Tb~(3+) in TbSiO-CJ1 at 543 and 550 nm are the strongest, whereas the luminescence from higher excited states (e.g., ~5D_3) is not detectable, implying very efficient nonradiative relaxation to the 5D4 level. The fluorescence decay curves of the ~5D_4→~7F_5 transitions for TbSiO-CJ1, excited at 266 nm, are well-fitted by a single-exponential function, yielding a lifetime value of 3.11 ms. This suggests the presence of a single Tb3+ environment in agreement with the single-crystal structure of TbSiO-CJ1.
2. LnSiO-CJn (n = 2-5) have been synthesized from M_2O-SiO_2-Ln_2O_3-H_2O (M=K, Na, Ln = Ce, Eu, Tb, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er) system under mild hydrothermal conditions. Single-crystal structural analyses show that various lanthanide elements, have been successfully introduced into the frameworks of LnSiO-CJn (n = 2-5) with stoichiometric amounts. The framework of LnSiO-CJn (n = 2-5) consists of silicate single layers that are connected by six-coordinated LnO6 octahedra or seven-coordinated LnO_7 polyhedra to form a three dimensional (3D) open framework with 8-ring channels, in which Na+ ions and water molecules reside. In LnSiO-CJ2, the connection of SiO_4 tetrahedra results in a novel corrugated [Si_2O_5]_n~(2n-) silicate layer containing 4-, 5-, 6-, 8-rings parallel to the bc plane, denoted the 4, 5, 6, 8-net , in which each SiO_4 tetrahedron shares three oxygen atoms with other SiO_4 tetrahedra and the fourth oxygen atom is pointing up and down the sheet. EuSiO-CJ3 and EuSiO-CJ4 are both featured by [Si_2O_5]_n~(2n-) silica layers with 4, 6, 8-net, which is further connected by corner-sharing EuO_6 octahedra to form a 3D open framework structure. However, it is noted that the orientation of SiO_4 tetrahedra around the 4, 6, and 8-rings in the 4, 6, 8-net in each framework is different. Differently from LnSiO-CJn (n = 2-4), the connection of SiO4 tetrahedra results in a corrugated [Si_6O_(16)]_n~(8n-) silicate layer containing 6-, 8-, and 12-rings, denoted the 6, 8, 12-net. LnSiO-CJ2, CJ3, CJ4, and CJ5 are all very stable, whose intact crystalline structures can be kept up to 650,700 800,and 1000 oC, respectively. The photoluminescent properties of LnSiO- CJn (n = 2-5), have been studied. Their emission spectra are characteristic for lanthanide, and the lifetime measurements are consistent with the crystallographic data.
3. LnSiO-CJ6 (Ln=Tb, Eu) have been synthesized from Na_2O-SiO_2-Ln_2O_3-H_2O system under mild hydrothermal conditions at 240℃. TbSiO-CJ6 crystallizes in the tetragonal noncentrosymmetric space group I-4. The structure of TbSiO-CJ6 is composed of macroanionic [TbSiO_4]~- framework, and Na+ ions residing in the channels compensate the negative charge of the framework. Its structure is built up from SiO4 tetrahedra and TbO_7(OH) polyhedra that share edges and/or corners to form an open-framework structure. The photoluminescent properties of LnSiO- CJ6 (Ln=Eu,Tb) have been studied in detail. LnSiO-CJ6 is stable up to 1000℃.
To sum up, a series of alkali-metal-containing luminescent microporous lanthanide silicates have been synthesized under mild hydrothermal conditions. Various lanthanide elements have been introduced into the frameworks with stoichiometric amounts. These lanthanide silicates are composed of single silicate chains (LnSiO-CJ1), single silicate layers (LnSiO-CJ2, CJ3, CJ4, and CJ5) or singular tetrahedra of SiO4 (LnSiO-CJ6) interconnected by Ln-centered polyhedra (LnO6, LnO7 or LnO8) to form interesting 3-D open frameworks. Their structures contain 8-ring or 9-ring channels in which alkali ions (Na~+ or K~+), NO_3~- ions and water molecules reside. These materials show interesting photoluminescence properties. In addition, they also show ion-exchange capacity, ionic conductivity and magnetic properties. Further detailed investigation on their properties is under the way.
Note: all formula for CJn
TbSiO-CJ1 (Na_3TbSi_3O_9·3H_2O),
CeSiO-CJ2 (Na2.4CeSi_6O_(15)·2.6H_2O),
EuSiO-CJ2 (Na_2KEuSi_6O_(15)·2H_2O),
EuSiO-CJ3 (K_3EuSi_6O_(15)·H_2O),
EuSiO-CJ4 (K_3EuSi_6O_(15)·3H_2O),
EuSiO-CJ5A (K_8Eu_3Si_(12)O_(32)(NO_3)·H_2O),
EuSiO-CJ5B (K_8Eu_3Si_(12)O_(32)(OH)·H_2O),
TbSiO-CJ6 (NaTbSiO_4·0.5H_2O),
EuSiO-CJ6 (NaEuSiO_4·0.5H_2O)
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