摘要
黑麂(Muntiacus crinifrons),属偶蹄目(Artiodactyla)鹿科(Cervidae),是中国的特有、典型的亚热带山地森林动物,在我国被列为国家一级保护动物,在濒危野生动植物物种国际贸易公约(CITES)和国际自然与自然资源保护联盟(IUCN)名录中分别被列入附录Ⅰ和易危(Vulnerable,VU)级。
近几十年来,由于栖息地受到严重破坏,以及滥捕猎杀等原因,黑麂野生种群的分布范围和数量逐渐缩小。目前,黑麂分布区十分狭窄,仅涉及安徽、浙江、江西及福建4省份。在整个分布范围内又可分为两个分布中心,一个位于浙江与安徽的交界地区,另一个位于浙西南。其中,位于浙西南的九龙山保护区已经成为我国黑麂最重要的分布中心和最大黑麂种群的集中分布区,相关研究估计现有黑麂350～450只。
本研究利用九龙山保护区内收集的59份黑麂粪便、皮毛及肌肉样品,进行了8个微卫星位点的遗传多样性分析。实验中,对黑麂粪便DNA,采用CTAB裂解液温浴粪便,酚/氯仿抽提,及PCR清洁试剂盒纯化的步骤进行提取。结果显示:九龙山黑麂种群的8个微卫星位点的有效等位基因数(Ne)介于3.764～7.179之间,平均值为5.488,期望杂合度(He)介于0.752～0.851之间,平均值为0.812,多态信息含量(PIC)介于0.692～0.816之间,平均值为0.768,这说明九龙山保护区黑麂种群遗传多样性水平较高。因此,建议有效防止及恢复栖息地的破坏及片段化,以保护九龙山保护区黑麂遗传多样性资源。
Black muntjac(Muntiacus crinifrons),belongs to Cervidae,which is a typical semitropical forest speices and endemic to China.For strengthening the protction,black muntjac is placed on Category I of the List of Chinese State Key Protected Wildlife Animals,and considered as vulnerable species by IUCN,and also listed in addendum I and VU level by CITES.
In the last several decades,due to destruction of habitat and hunting pressure,the distribution range and population size of this muntjac have been continued declining.Nowadays,it is only distributed in a narrow range,just including Zhejiang,Anhui,Jiangxi and Fujian provinces. There are two distribution centers in the range,one lies in the boundary areas of Zhejiang and Anhui,the other is located in the southwest of Zhejiang.Jiulongshan Nature Reserve is just in the latter.This mountainous area,in which the largest black muntjac population concentrated,has already been the most important distribution centre of the vulnerable species.It is estimated that 350-450 black muntjac lived in the reserve.
The study was presented on 8 microsatellite loci analysis of 59 samples of black muntjac collected in Jiulongshan Nature Reserve, including 51 feces samples,5 skin and 3 muscle samples.In experiments, the DNA in feces was extracted by procedures including digestion in CTAB buffer,extraction by phenol/chloroform and purification by PCR Cleanup Kit.Finally,the results showed that the values of effective number of alleles(Ne)were from 3.764 to 7.179,the values of expected gene heterozygosity(He)were from 0.752 to 0.851,the values of polymorphism information content(PIC)were from 0.692 to 0.816,and their average values were 5.488,0.812 and 0.768 respectively,indicating a quite high level of genetic diversity of black muntjac population. Therefore,we made advices to prevent and recover destruction and fragmentation of habitat for protecting the resource of genetic diversity of black muntjac in Jiulongshan Nature Reserve.
引文
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