摘要
磷是植物生长、发育所必须的一种营养元素。但土壤中的有效磷含量往往较低,不能满足植物正常生长需求。在农业生产中,磷缺乏问题可以通过施加化肥的方法解决。但是这样不但会增加农业成本,还可能会带来环境问题。而培育磷高效率品种,开发作物自身吸收利用磷元素的能力,是一种既经济又环保的途径。培育大豆高磷效率品种,需要了解大豆磷效率的遗传基础。而QTL定位是了解性状遗传基础的一种有效途径。
本研究以大豆波高×南农94-156衍生的重组自交系群体为材料,对本实验室以前所构建的SSR分子遗传图谱进行了加密,并对大豆磷效率的七个相关性状:茎干重、根干重,磷利用效率、磷吸收效率、株高、叶绿素含量、酸性磷酸酶活性进行了QTL定位研究。主要结果如下:
1、在本实验室以前构建的遗传图谱的基础上,增加了256对SSR引物,共971对标记对由波高×南农94-156衍生的RIL群体的遗传结构进行分析。结果表明,有376对标记在亲本中表现多态,其中包括373对SSR标记,3对形态标记。对群体遗传结构分析的结果表明,母本波高和父本南农94-156对群体的遗传贡献分别为0.493和0.507,群体各家系基因型组成符合正态分布:通过UPGMA法对154个家系聚类分析表明,群体中很少存在代表性重复现象,分离情况良好,遗传结构合理,适合于遗传作图和QTL定位分析。
2、应用波高×南农94-156衍生的RIL群体构建了一张包含22个连锁群,总长度3212.3cM,标记平均距离为11.5cM的遗传图谱。该图谱共有306对标记,其中包括303对SSR标记,3对形态标记(花色W1,茸毛色T,结荚习性Dt1)。图谱上的主要标记为SSR标记,与Song等的公共遗传图谱(2004)具有很好的可比性。标记的顺序和距离都较好的符合Song等(2004)的公共遗传图谱。
3、利用构建的遗传图谱,采用Cartographer V.1.17的多性状复合区间定位方法,对两种磷环境下七个磷效率相关的性状进行了定位。在给定的LOD下,共定位到20个QTL,其中低磷条件下有14个QTL,高磷务件下有6个QTL。共有两个QTL的贡献率大于15%,其中一个影响低磷条件下株高,qlphE.1。另一个影响低磷条件下叶绿素含量,glccN.1。另外,根据20个QTL的定位结果,共找到三个影响多个性状的连锁群区段.其中位于E连锁群上,Satt273标记附近,存在着四个共位的QTL(qlsdwE.1,qlrdwE.1,qlphE.1,qhsdwE.1),因此推测Satt273标记附近存在着大豆生长所必须的基因。
Phosphorus is an essential macro-nutriment required for plant growth and development. Although total P content in soil may be high, it is often present in unavailable forms or in forms that are only available outside of rhizosphere. This results in low availability to plants in many soils. In modern agricultural systems, P deficiency can be alleviated by fertilizer application, but there is a financial difficulty with increasing fertilizer costs for farmers, in addition inadequate practices will cause environmental problems. Release of P-efficient genotypes in crop production systems would reduce the production costs associated with P fertilizer applications, minimize environmental pollution and contribute to maintenance of world P resources globally.
In this study, we used a RIL [NJ (SP) BN] population derived from an F_2, crossed between two soybean varieties, Bogao and Nanong94-156, to construct a genetic map. This map was a complement of our previous genetic map. Based on the constructed map, genetic factors contributing to P-efficiency related traits: Shoot dry weight, Root dry weight, Plant height, P use efficiency, P absorb efficiency, Chlorophyll content and Acid phosphatease activity were identified.
1. Based on our previous study, we complemented 256 pairs of SSR, with total 971 pairs of markers to analyze the RIL population NJ (SP) BN. Evaluation showed that a total of 376 markers were identified as having polymorphisms between the two parents, Bogao and Nannong94-156, including 373 SSRs, and 3 phenotypic loci. The content of Bogao and Nannong94-156 contributed to the 154 lines population was about 0.493 and 0.507, respectively. The distribution of genotypic composition of the population fitted well. Genetic distances of each pair of lines were calculated by Dice's method. The result of cluster by method UPGMA showed that the population had less over presentation. In a word, the population was suit to genetic mapping and other genetic research for its well-dispersed genetic structure.
2. A genetic map based on SSR markers was constructed with this population. It covered 22 linage groups and contained 306 loci including 303 SSR markers, 3 phenotypic markers. The length of the map was 3212.3cM and the average distance of loci was 11.5cM. It was easy to compare this map to soybean integrated genetic map for most markers in this map were SSRs and it fitted the integrated genetic map well both in the locations and the distances of markers.
3. Twenty QTLs associated with those traits were detected, fourteen under low P condition, six under high P condition. Among those, contribution of two QTLs were high than 15%. One affected plant height under low P condition, and it was located on linkage group E. The other affected chlorophyll content under low P condition, and it was located on linkage group N. We found two colocalized QTL. One colocalized QTL located on linkage group E, and it controled shoot dry weight, root dry weight, plant height under low P condition. It also affected shoot dry weight under high P condition. Thus, we infer it may be an essential QTL for soybean growth. The other colocalized QTL was also located on linkage group E, controlling root dry weight and chlorophyll content under low P condition.
引文
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