摘要
卫生填埋是当前国内外垃圾处理的主要方法之一。在垃圾的填埋和处理过程中,由于发酵和雨水的淋浴,冲刷,以及地表水和地下水的浸泡,而滤出来的污水称为垃圾渗滤液,它的特点是水质水量波动大、成份复杂,有毒有害物质含量高。应引起高度重视。随着国家《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB16889-2008)的颁布实施,对垃圾填埋场排出的污水提出了更高的要求,因此,垃圾渗滤液污染的控制和治理已经成为当前环境保护领域内的一项重大研究课题。
本论文通过对石家庄市峡石沟垃圾卫生填埋场垃圾渗滤液的水质、水量情况及变化规律的分析,在总结了国内外相关垃圾渗滤液处理方法的基础上,从去除NH3-N和提高渗滤液可生化性入手,采取氨吹脱、厌氧消化、水解酸化、好氧生物处理工艺进行了单独和综合实验研究。研究结果表明,氨吹脱法采用石灰乳调节,最佳工艺条件为:pH值为10.5,气液比为3120的条件下,氨氮去除率可达70%;通过对比厌氧消化及水解酸化工艺,发现水解酸化更加适宜石家庄峡石沟垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理;由于石家庄市峡石沟垃圾卫生填埋场已运行9年,产生的渗滤液已处于老化渗滤液,采用水解酸化处理工艺,在去除部分COD的同时也将老化渗滤液的可生化性由原来的0.12提高到0.31,解决了老化渗滤液可生化性差的问题;经过好氧生物处理,可进一步去除COD和氨氮,提高出水水质,最后经反渗透处理,可使废水COD浓度降至15~25mg/L,氨氮可降至0.7~1mg/L,去除率分别达到98.5%、99%,可满足《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB16889-2008)标准要求。研究结果表明,采用氨吹脱+水解酸化+好氧生物法+反渗透工艺来处理石家庄市峡石沟垃圾卫生填埋场垃圾渗滤液,合理、有效、可行。
Sanitary landfill is currently the main methods for municipal solidewaste disposal. High concentration organic wastewater, which is hard to treat, will be produced in the process of landfill ,its characteristics are complex components, high fluctuation of water quality and quantity, high concentrtion of toxic substence. Landfill leachate contamination control and management has become an important research subject of the environmental protection.
Based on summarizing related landfill leachate processing method research in the domestic and foreign, through analyzing the Shi Jia-zhuang city Xia Shi-gou municipal solid waste landfill leachate water quality, the water volume situation and the change regulation, concerned on removing NH3-N and the enhancing leachate biological treatability, a series of experimental studies on ammonia blowing, anaerobia digestion, hydrolysis acidifies, and aerobic biochemical treatment are carried on. The result indicates, ammonia blowing using the milk of lime adjusts the pH value is economically and effective; In the condition that the pH value is 10.5, gas liquid proportion is 3120, ammonia nitrogen removed rate may reach 70%; anaerobia digestion may effectively reduce COD in leachate, and may adapt the water quality after ammonia blowing without adjustment;The hydrolysis acidify may effectively enhance leachate biological treatability, and remove the partial organic matter, in the resident time is 10h, the hydrolysis acidify removes COD and the enhance leachate biological treatability are best;Aerobic biochemical treatment may further remove COD and the ammonia nitrogen, enhances the discharged water quality. The research indicated:Uses the ammonia blowing-the hydrolysis acidify - aerobic biochemical treatment to processe the Shi Jia-zhuang city Xia Shi-gou municipal solid waste landfill leachate is reasonable, effective, and feasible. and ammonia nitrogen removed rate respectively achieved: COD98.5%、99%, ammonia nitrogen 99%. The discharged COD is 15~25mg/L, ammonia nitrogen is 0.7~1mg/L. Achieves Standard for Pollution Control on the Landfill Site of Municipal Solid Waste (GB16889-2008).
引文
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