摘要
第一部分正常人小脑蚓部亚区静息态功能连接的侧别差异研究目的：
运用静息态功能磁共振成像(functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI)技术,通过分析感兴趣区与全脑其它体素间的功能连接,研究正常人小脑蚓部不同亚区的功能连接模式,比较左侧与右侧小脑蚓部亚区功能连接模式的差异,从而阐明小脑蚓部亚区的功能连接模式是否存在侧别差异。
材料与方法：
选择符合入组标准的正常青年志愿者90例,男性45例,年龄：19-23岁,平均21.7±2.4岁；女性45例,年龄：19-26岁,平均22.3±1.7岁；男、女性志愿者年龄与性别之间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。采用GE3.0T磁共振扫描仪对所有被试者行静息态fMRI扫描。应用基于Matlab的SPM8及REST软件进行预处理、功能连接计算和统计分析。预处理包括时间校正、头动校正、空间标准化、空间平滑、去线性漂移、低频滤波和去除协变量。在标准化后的3D结构像上,通过手绘方式得到每侧小脑蚓部的7个亚区(双侧共14个亚区),将其作为感兴趣区(ROI)进行功能连接分析,得到功能连接模式图。统计分析采用单样本t-检验,分别得到男、女被试小脑蚓部左、右侧种子点的功能连接模式图。将左、右侧ROI的功能连接模式图分别叠加到｜Ch2bet结构模板进行显示,用已知的神经解剖学标记来描述与所选择种子点有显著相关的区域。观察有统计学意义的团块(cluster)的大小、所在脑区。分别对男、女性左、右侧ROI的功能连接模式进行对比,得到重叠率及叠加图。
结果：
1.除男性ROI5正相关脑区的重叠率较低(54.41%)以外,其余小脑蚓部左右侧ROI正相关脑区重叠率女性为77.21%-92.44%,男性为77.42%-89.62%。
2.小脑蚓部左、右侧ROI负相关脑区重叠率女性为81.00%-93.29%,男性为74.00%-93.24%。
3.叠加图显示小脑蚓部左、右侧ROI的功能连接图重合情况较好,仅有男性左、右侧ROI5正相关脑区的重合欠佳。
结论：
1.无论男性还是女性,正常人小脑蚓部同一亚区的功能连接模式无显著侧别差异,提示小脑蚓部功能连接分布模式无明显偏侧化。
2.正常人小脑蚓部同一亚区左、右侧种子点的功能连接模式的细微差别可能是由于左、右侧种子点的位置不能完全对应所致。
第二部分正常人小脑蚓部亚区静息态功能连接的性别差异研究
目的：
运用静息态fMRI技术,采用基于体素的静息态功能连接分析,研究男性及女性小脑蚓部亚区功能连接模式的差异。
材料与方法：
选择符合入组标准的90例正常志愿者,采用GE3.0T磁共振扫描仪进行静息态fMRI检查,基于本文第一部分的研究结果,将左、右侧相同的ROI合并,共得到7个ROI,对其与全脑所有体素的时间序列做相关分析,得到每个ROI的功能连接模式图。数据预处理、功能连接计算和统计分析应用SPM8和REST软件进行。采用单样本t-检验进行组内分析。将功能连接模式图叠加到Ch2bet结构模板进行显示,用已知的神经解剖学标记来描述与所选定的七个种子点有显著相关的区域。观察有统计学意义的团块(cluster)的大小、所在脑区及其峰值坐标(MNI坐标)。记录相关脑区的体积及相关强度(用t检验统计值“T”表示,T值越大,相关性越强)。对男、女性7个ROI的功能连接模式图进行分析和对比,得到重叠率及叠加图并分析其功能连接模式的异同。
结果：
1.男性与女性小脑蚓部各亚区功能连接正相关脑区的重叠率为20.71%-74.87%。负相关脑区的重叠率为49.63%-78.13%。
2.女性小脑蚓部Ⅰ-Ⅷ区都与感觉运动网络相关,以Ⅳ、V区相关性最强；Ⅸ和Ⅹ区与默认网络有相关性；小脑蚓部各个亚区均与丘脑和海马有相关性；Ⅰ-Ⅷ区与壳核、苍白球和岛叶后部有相关性；Ⅰ-Ⅶ区与听觉网络有相关性；Ⅳ-X区与视觉网络有相关性,以Ⅳ、Ⅴ区和Ⅸ区相关性最强；Ⅳ-Ⅶ、Ⅸ和X区均与杏仁核有相关性。
3.男性小脑蚓部各亚区的功能连接模式与女性有相似之处,但脑区范围及相关强度较女性弱。男性小脑蚓部Ⅰ-Ⅶ区都与感觉运动网络相关,以Ⅳ、V区相关性最强；Ⅸ和Ⅹ区与默认网络有相关性；Ⅰ-Ⅶ区与壳核、苍白球和岛叶后部有相关性；Ⅰ-ⅨX区均与丘脑有相关性；各亚区与听觉网络均无相关性；Ⅳ-Ⅹ区与视觉网络有相关性,以Ⅳ、Ⅴ区和Ⅸ区相关性最强；小脑蚓部所有亚区均与海马有相关性；Ⅳ-Ⅶ与杏仁核有相关性。
4.女性小脑蚓部Ⅰ-Ⅷ区与默认网络负相关；Ⅰ-Ⅴ区与尾状核头负相关；Ⅳ和X区与岛叶负相关；Ⅰ-Ⅶ和Ⅸ与眶额皮层负相关；小脑蚓部所有亚区与注意网络负相关；Ⅸ和Ⅹ区与感觉运动网络负相关。
5.男性小脑蚓部Ⅰ-Ⅷ区与默认网络负相关；Ⅰ-Ⅲ区与尾状核头负相关；与岛叶无负相关；Ⅰ-Ⅶ、Ⅸ和Ⅹ与眶额皮层负相关；小脑蚓部所有亚区与注意网络负相关；Ⅸ和Ⅹ区与感觉运动网络负相关。
6.男性与女性小脑蚓部功能连接模式的共同点：小脑蚓部Ⅰ-Ⅶ区都与感觉运动网络相关,且Ⅳ、Ⅴ区相关性最强；Ⅸ和Ⅹ区与默认网络有相关性；Ⅰ-Ⅶ区与壳核、苍白球和岛叶后部有相关性；Ⅰ-Ⅸ区均与丘脑有相关性；Ⅳ-Ⅹ区与视觉网络有相关性,以Ⅳ、Ⅴ区和Ⅸ区相关性最强；所有亚区均与海马有相关性；Ⅳ-Ⅶ与杏仁核有相关性。小脑蚓部Ⅰ-Ⅷ区与默认网络负相关；Ⅰ-Ⅲ区与尾状核头负相关；Ⅰ-Ⅶ和Ⅸ区与眶额皮层负相关；所有亚区与注意网络负相关；Ⅸ和Ⅹ区与感觉运动网络负相关。
结论：
1.小脑蚓部不同亚区具有不同的功能连接模式,其中Ⅰ-Ⅶ区主要与感觉运动网络有关,而Ⅳ和Ⅹ区主要与默认网络有关；
2.尽管男性与女性小脑蚓部各亚区的功能连接模式相似,但相关脑区的范围和相关程度存在差别,即女性大于男性。
Section I
Lateral differences in resting-state functional connectivity of vermis subregions in healthy subjects
Objective:
To investigate the differences in the pattern of functional connectivity (FC) between the left and right vermis subregions in healthy subjects using the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging
Subjects and Methods:
Ninety healthy subjects (45men with age ranged from19to23years,45women with age ranged from19to26years) were recruited in this study. GE3.0T MR Scanner was used to obtain resting-state fMRI data. The fMRI data were processed with the software of REST and SPM8. By the seed-based voxel-wise method, we analyzed the time course correlations between7pairs of subregions of cerebellar vermis with the other voxels of the whole brain. Within-group analysis was performed with single sample t-test. FC maps were overlapped onto the Ch2bet standard structural template to observe the coordinate of each brain region and its size of cluster. Comparison of the FC pattern of left and right ROI was made to get the overlapping precent and overlapping figures.
Results:
1. The overlapping percent of positive correlation of left and right ROI ranged from77.21%to92.44%for females,77.42%-89.62%for males, except for the overlapping percent of ROI5was54.41%.
2. The overlapping percent of negative correlation ranged from81.00%to93.29%for females, and74.00%-93.24%for males.
3. The overlapping figure demonstrated well overlapped of the FC pattern of the left and right ROIs, except for ROI5of male subjects.
Conclusion:
1. The FC pattern of the left and right ROIs of cerebellar vermis did not have significant difference.
2. There were small non-overlapping regions for each pair of the ROIs, which might be resulted from subtle differences in the location of each pair of ROIs.
Section Ⅱ
Gender differences in resting-state functional connectivity of vermis subregions in healthy subjects Objective:
To investigate the consistencies and differences of FC pattern of vermis subregions between male and female subjects using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.
Subjects and Methods:
Ninety healthy subjects (45men with age ranged from19to23years,45women with age ranged from19to26years) were recruited in this study. GE3.0T MR Scanner was used to obtain resting-state fMRI data. The fMRI data were processed with the software of REST and SPM8. By seed-based voxel-wise method, we analyzed the time course correlations between7subregions of cerebellar vermis with the other voxels of the whole brain. Within-group analysis was performed with single sample t-test. FC maps were overlapped onto the Ch2bet standard structural template to observe the coordinate of each brain region and its size of cluster. Comparisons of the FC patterns of each vermis subregion between male and female subjects were made to get the overlapping precent and overlapping figures.
Results:
1. The overlapping percent of positive correlation ranged from20.71%to 74.87%for male and female subjects, and negative correlation was49.63%-78.13%.
2. Positive correlations of females:lobules Ⅰ-Ⅷ, especially lobules Ⅳ and Ⅴ, were correlated with the sensorimotor network; lobules Ⅰ-Ⅷ were correlated with the putamen, pallidum and posterior insula; all the7ROIs were correlated with the thalamus and hippocampus; lobules Ⅰ-Ⅶ were correlated with the acoustic network; lobules Ⅳ-Ⅹ were correlated with the visual network with the strongest in lobules Ⅳ, Ⅴ and Ⅸ; lobules Ⅳ-Ⅶ, Ⅸ and Ⅹ were correlated with the amygdala; and lobules Ⅸ and Ⅹ were correlated with the default mode network.
3. Positive correlation of males:lobules Ⅰ-Ⅶ, especially lobules Ⅳ and Ⅴ, were correlated with the sensorimotor network; lobules Ⅰ-Ⅶ were correlated with the putamen, pallidum and posterior insula; lobules Ⅰ-Ⅸ were correlated with the thalamus; lobules Ⅳ-Ⅹ were correlated with the visual network, with the strongest in lobules Ⅳ, Ⅴ and Ⅸ; all the subregions were correlated with the hippocampus; lobules Ⅳ-Ⅶ were correlated with the amygdala; and lobules Ⅸ and Ⅹ were correlated with the default mode network.
4. Negative correlation of females:lobules Ⅰ-Ⅷ were anti-correlated with the default mode network; lobules Ⅰ-Ⅴ were anti-correlated with the head of caudate; lobules Ⅸ and Ⅹ were anti-correlated with the insula; lobules Ⅰ-Ⅶ and Ⅸ were anti-correlated with the orbitofrontal cortex; all the subregions were anti-correlated with the attention network; and lobules Ⅸ and Ⅹ were anti-correlated with the sensorimotor network.
5. Negative correlation of males:lobules Ⅰ-Ⅷ were anti-correlated with the default mode network; lobules Ⅰ-Ⅲ were anti-correlated with the head of caudate; lobules Ⅰ-Ⅶ, Ⅸ and Ⅹ were anti-correlated with the orbitofrontal cortex; all the subregions were anti-correlated with the attention network; and lobules Ⅸ and Ⅹ were anti-correlated with the sensorimotor network.
6. The common FC patterns of females and males:lobules Ⅰ-Ⅶ, especially lobules Ⅳ and Ⅴ, were correlated with the sensorimotor network; lobules Ⅰ-Ⅶ were correlated with the putamen, pallidum and posterior insula; lobules Ⅰ-Ⅸ were correlated with the thalamus; lobules Ⅳ-Ⅹ were correlated with the visual network, with the strongest in lobules Ⅳ, Ⅴ and IX; all the subregions were correlated with the hippocampus; lobules Ⅳ-Ⅶ were correlated with the amygdala; and lobules Ⅸ and Ⅹ were correlated with the default mode network. Lobules Ⅰ-Ⅷ were anti-correlated with the default mode network; lobules Ⅰ-Ⅲ were anti-correlated with the head of caudate; lobules Ⅰ-Ⅶ and IX were anti-correlated with the orbitofrontal cortex; all the subregions were anti-correlated with the attention network; and lobules Ⅸ and Ⅹ were anti-correlated with the sensorimotor network.
Conclusion:
1. The FC patterns of the subregions of cerebellar vermis were different from each other. Lobules Ⅰ-Ⅶ were correlated with the sensorimotor network, but lobules Ⅸ and Ⅹ were correlated with the default mode network.
2. The FC patterns of subregions of cerebellar vermis of males were similar to those of females; however, the extent of significant brain regions and the strength of correlations of females were larger and stronger than those of males.
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