摘要
本文的目的在于确定现代汉语中连动结构的范围并对连动结构中存在的论元共享现象进行研究，以确定共享论元在句子中的地位。
连动结构是指一个句子中含有两个或两个以上的动词结构而没有任何明显的连接语素。这种结构广泛存在于西非，东南亚及大洋洲等地的许多语言中，这些语言的共同特点是缺乏曲折形态变化。
本文首先对前人的研究进行了回顾。对于是否该为连动结构设立一个专门的范畴并将之与其他结构区分开来是早期汉语语法研究者们一直无法达成共识的一个问题。吕叔湘、王力、朱德熙等研究者认为汉语中有这种结构的存在，但是也有研究者认为这一结构的提出会导致很多问题的出现，并采用了句子重音法和词语插加法(萧璋、史振晔)来否定这种结构的存在。尽管如此，大多数研究者还是认为连动结构是存在于现代汉语中的一种基本结构，不过赞同者们在对其范围确定的问题上又产生了分歧。
本文认为在对连动结构进行界定的时候要重点考虑动词之间的关系以及动词和论元之间的关系。在连动结构中动词之间没有联合、从属或者其他的关系；动词之间没有任何的连接语素：各动词共同说明同一个主语。由于汉语是一种缺乏曲折形态变化的语言，它必须借助于一定的手段来表达对客观世界的认识，时序原则(Temporal Sequence Principle)就是一条重要的原则。这一原则可以用以区分连动结构和其他一些形似结构。此外，动词与主语之间的关系也是对连动结构进行界定的一个重要标准。
根据Bake和Collins对连动结构的研究，内在论元共享在连动结构中是强制性的。而本文则认为在汉语连动结构中强制性的成分是外在共享论元而非内在共享论元。因为连动结构要求各动词说明同一个主语，这一主语即共享的外在论元；只有在各动词宾语相同的情况下才会出现内在论元共享的现象。当然汉语还中存在很多内在论元和外在论元同时共享的例子。
本文指出连动结构中共享的论元属于空语类的范畴而非省略。汉语的空语类相对于英语来说较自由，因为英语是重句子结构的语言而汉语是重语篇的语言。在连动结构中共享的外在论元是PRO；对于处于宾语位置的内在共享论元，本文则将之认定为一个变项，会受到语用关系的影响。
This thesis aims at determining the scope of SVC in Chinese and exploring the phenomenon of argument sharing in this construction in order to determine the status of the shared arguments.
Serial Verb Construction refers to the construction with two or more than two verbs without any overt maker of connection in a sentence. SVC is widely used in the languages of West Africa, Southeast Asia and Oceania which share the feature that there is no inflectional variation in these languages.
The thesis first presents a review on the previous studies. Linguists who study SCV show divergence on the issue whether SVC is a basic construction in Chinese. Linguists such as Lu~[1], Wang~[2] and Zhu~[3] claim that: SVC is a basic construction in Chinese while those who argue that setting up such a category will cause confusion make use of the tests of sentence accent and word insertion~[4][5] to support their idea of eliminating SVC. In spite of the fact that most linguists treat SVC as a basic construction in Chinese, they have different ideas as to the scope of SVC.
This thesis proposes that when defining SVC, we should take into account the relationship between verbs and that between the verb and the argument in an SVC, that is, there is no relationship of coordination, subordination or syntactic dependency of other sort between verbs and all the verbs describe the same subject. As Chinese is a language without inflectional variation, Temporal Sequence Principle~[6] is an important principle to follow, which can also helps us to distinguish SVC from other similar constructions. In addition, we can also employ the relationship between the verb and the argument to redefine this construction.
According to the studies done by Baker~[7] and Collins~[8], the shared internal argument is obligatory in SVC while this thesis proposes that in Chinese, it is the shared external argument instead of the shared internal argument that is obligatory as all verbs in SVC should describe the same subject. Only when all verbs describe the same object can there be a shared internal argument. In Chinese SVCs, some sentences may contain both shared external argument and shared internal argument.
According to the conclusion of this thesis, the shared arguments in Chinese SVC are empty categories. Compared with the empty categories in English, those in Chinese are freer. The shared external argument in Chinese SVC is PRO while the shared internal argument is a
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