摘要
变频调速技术以其适用性广、节能效果明显、容易实现自动控制、调速性能优越等特点已成为电机节能调速的主要手段之一。迄今,在低压变频方面我国已经有了成熟的技术和产品,但是高压变频调速技术还相对薄弱,尚处于产品研制和推广应用的发展阶段。高压变频调速装置拓扑结构复杂,运行方式多变,各种异常运行工况和故障类型相对较多,给现场的运行维护和管理带来了新的困难。目前,在高压变频调速装置的研制中,人们更多关注的是一次主电路的设计及变频调速控制策略的改善,而在运行状态的在线监测以及运行数据的记录与分析等方面的功能较为简单,尚不能很好地满足运行现场的实际应用要求。因此,借鉴电力系统现有微机保护和监控装置的研究和应用经验,研制和开发高性能的高压变频装置的在线监测系统,对保证变频器的运行安全,积累实际运行经验均具有非常重要的作用,同时也可为变频器的事故分析和性能改善提供重要的依据。
论文首先对国内外高压变频器及其监测系统的研究和应用现状及发展进行了分析和综述。在此基础上,根据三电平高压变频器主电路的结构和运行特点,论述了变频器监测系统的设计原则和功能配置要求,提出了监测系统的硬件构成方式和软件实现方案。文中介绍了监测系统的基本硬件结构、监测量的组成、硬件设备选型和资源配置情况。
鉴于变频器运行工况多变,调节特性复杂,在监测系统设计中,进一步强化了监测系统的在线监测功能,以便于运行人员及时了解变频器的实际运行状态,并为相关的控制和运行状态调节提供依据。此外,监测系统除可提供就地监测功能外,增设了远端监测功能,以实现高压变频器的集中管理。论文详细介绍了就地管理机和远端管理机的功能配置和程序设计与实现。
目前所采用的高压变频器监控系统大多只提供运行参数的在线监测功能,无法对变频器的运行状态和异常及故障情况进行跟踪记录和分析。为此,在监测系统开发中,设置了变频器运行状态和故障状态的数据记录功能,并配备了功能丰富的记录数据综合分析软件,包括稳定运行数据分析和故障数据分析。分析软件除可提供常规波形显示和编辑功能外,重点加强了事故分析所需要的基础性参数的计算与分析功能。论文详细介绍了运行状态数据记录的基本方式;故障分析软件的框架结构、功能特点及软件实现方法。
高压变频器在实际应用中存在的一个突出问题是对外通信能力偏弱,通信规约不统一,因此难以集中管理,也无法与电厂的其它自动化系统进行互联。针对这一问题,在监测系统设计中,配置了基于“以态网”的网络互联功能,并采用了IEC60870-5-103标准通信规约。论文详细分析了103规约的特点和链路传输规则,阐述了通信程序模块的编程实现方法。
监测系统开发完成后,进行了全面的静态试验测试。文中介绍了主要的测试内容和结果。测试情况表明,监测系统各项功能均达到设计要求,可较好满足运行现场的实际应用要求。
Variable frequency speed regulation technology has many useful characteristics. It can be applied in many scopes, its effect of saving energy is prominent, its automata can be realized easily and further more its speed regulation capability is excellent, so it becomes the most important regulation method for motors. So far internal technology and product of low voltage variable frequency drive is mature, but high voltage variable frequency speed regulation technology is deficient. High voltage variable frequency speed regulation drive’s topology is very complex. It contains many parts, such as rectifier, inverter, DC bus and so on. And the device’s running states should be changed on-line according to practical requirements. Supervising and maintaining of the device is very difficult. At present, people make lots of effort in designing variable frequency devices and in improving control strategy. However, the function of on-line supervising, recording and analyzing of the running data are oversimplified comparatively, so practical requirements can’t be satisfied very well. Therefore, the research and manufacture of the on-line supervising system of the high voltage variable frequency based on the research experience of microcomputer protecting relaying and supervising device which has been used in electric power system drive is very meaningful. It can play an important role in ensuring the variable frequency device’s safety, in accumulating its running experience, in analyzing its fault reason and in improving its capability.
At the beginning, the paper introduced and analyzed the application of high voltage frequency converter and its supervising system in home and abroad. Then the paper discussed the design principles and function choice of the supervising system according to the circuit topology of high voltage three-level converter and its running characteristic. Also the hardware and software constitution of the supervising system is proposed. Then the paper introduced the supervising system’s basic hardware structure, supervising element and the resource of the selected processor.
The frequency converter’s running states are phantasmagoric and its regulate characteristic is very complex. So in the design process of the supervising system, the on-line observation function is strengthened to observe the converter’s run states timely. In addition, supervising system offers remote observation function in to manage the converters together. The function choice and software designing of the local and remote supervising computers are particular introduced.
Most of the high voltage variable frequency drive supervising systems used presently just offer the function to observe the run characteristic on-line. They can’t record or analyze the device’s run states, fault instances. So the function of recording and analyzing was developed in this supervising system. The system can offer powerful analysis software, including stable analysis software and fault analysis software. The analysis software didn’t only display the wave of running characteristic, but also compute and analyze the run data. The basic format of data recorded was introduced in detail in this paper. Meanwhile the structure of the analysis software,the function characteristic and the programming method of the software were discussed.
The major practical disfigurement of some supervising systems is their weak communication ability. As the communication protocols are different, it’s very difficulty to manage the devices together or to communicate with other automation systems. So the communication ability of the supervising system was strengthened. And“IEC60870-5-103”protocol was used to realize communications. In this paper, the characteristic of“103”protocol was analyzed in detail. Meanwhile the method of how to realize communications was described.
Finally, static simulation experiments of the supervising system of high voltage converter are described partly. The results of the experiments show that the performance of the supervising system has achieved the design goals and the system can meet the practical demands.
引文
[1]周也平.DSP在高性能变频传动系统中的应用[J].电气传动自动化,1994,16(3):2~11
[2]费万民,姚文熙,吕征宇等.中高压变频调速技术综述[J].电力电子技术,2002,36(2):74~79
[3]竺伟,陈伯时.高压变频调速技术.电工技术杂志,1999,5(3) :26~28
[4]段先波.三电平高压变频器及其相关问题研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆,2004.
[5]韩安荣.通用变频器及其应用.第2版.北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[6] Y. Shakweh, E.A. Lewis. Assessment of Medium Voltage PWM VSI Topologies for Multi-megawatt Variable Speed Drive Applications. IEEE PESC’99,30th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference,1999, Vol.2, 965~971
[7] Stemmler, H. Guggenbach, P. Configurations of High-power Voltage Source Inverter Drives. EPE Conf. Proc., 1993, Vol.3, 7~14
[8] Young-Seok, K., et al, A Novel Structure of Multi-level High Voltage Source Inverter. EPE Conf. Proc., 1993, Vol.4, 132~137
[9]莫畏,黄兴华.高压大功率变频器在我国市场的发展.电气时代,2003,5(11):56~58
[10]胡兆庆,毛承雄,陆继明等.高压变频器中IGCT的快熔保护.高电压技术,2003, 29(1):8～11
[11] Wenhua Liu, Qiang Song, Xiaorong Xie, et al, 6kV/1800kVA Medium Voltage Drive with Three-level NPC Inverter Using IGCTs, Proc. Of IEEE APEC Eighteenth Annual, 2003,3(1), 223~227
[12] Jose Rodnguez ,Jorge Pontt ,Pablo Correa .A New Modulation Method to Reduce Common-Mode Voltages in Multilevel Inverters. IEEE Transaction on industry application , 2004,4(8):834-839
[13] Fang Zheng Peng,A Generalized Multilevel Inverter Topology with Self Voltage Balancing .IEEE Transaction on industry application, 2001,3(4):611-618
[14] Annette von Jouanne, Shaoan Dai, Haoran Zhang, Amultilevel Inverter Approach Providing DC-Link Balancing Ride-Through Enhancement and Common-Mode Voltage Elimination. IEEE Transaction on industry application , 2002,6(8):739-745
[15]张宗桐.ABB高压大功率变频器的最新技术发展.电气传动自动化,1999,21(4):3~7
[16]吴杨.多电平高压变频器监控系统的研发.[硕士学位论文].北京:华北电力图书馆,2003.
[17] F. Z. Peng, J. S. Lai, and J. MeKeever. A Multilevel Voltage-source Converter System with Balanced DC Voltages. Proc. Rec. IEEE PESC,1995, 5(12)1144~1150
[18] Keiju Matsui, Yasutak Kawata. Application of Parallel Connected NPC-PWM Inverters with Multilevel Modulation for AC Motor Driver. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics, 2000, 15(5), 901~907
[19] Yilmaz Sozer, David A. Torrey, Suhan Reva. New Inverter Output Filter Topology for PWM Motor Drives, IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, 2000,15(3)1007~1017.
[20]胡兆庆,毛承雄,陆继明等.高压变频器中IGCT的快熔保护.高电压技术,2003, 29(1):8～11
[21]张金柱.新型全数字化SPWM变频器的研制.[硕士学位论文].广西:广西大学图书馆,2001.
[22]邹勇.基于DSP平台数字式发电机组保护装置的研究与实现.[硕士学位论文].北京:华北电力大学图书馆,2004.
[23]李冰.高压变频保护系统的研制.[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆,2006.
[24]尹项根,曾克娥.电力系统继电保护原理与应用.第一版.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2001.
[25]张保会,尹项根.电力系统继电保护.第一版.北京:中国电力出版社,2005.
[26]贺家李.电力系统继电保护技术的现状与发展.中国电力,1999,32(10):38～40.
[27] A.G.Jongepier,L.van der Sluis.Adaptive Distance Protection of Double-Circuit Lines using Artifical Nertal Networks. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1997,12(1):97～105.
[28]陈万年.平波电抗器及其安装.电力建设,2001,22(4):55～61.
[29]周玉兰,詹荣荣,舒治淮等.2003年全国电网继电保护与安全自动装置运行情况与分析.电网技术,2004,28(20):48～53
[30]许正亚.变压器及中低压网络数字式保护.第一版.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003.
[31]郑建勇,巫海钢.短数据窗傅氏算法在微机保护装置中的应用.电力系统自动化,2000,18(2):49～52
[32] David J.Kluglinski著. VisualC++技术内幕.第四版.潘爱民等译.北京:清华大学出版社,1999.
[33]孙建军,邵美珍.用Visual C++实现超文本系统界面及可视化目录导航[J].电脑开发与应用,2000,13(4):170~171
[34]陈众,方璐,李楠.VC环境下小型工业监控软件的开发[J].计算机自动测量与控制,2000,8(5):33~35
[35]孙宏卫,王金才,刘鹏涛等.在VC++中如何取得WINDOWS的消息监控权[J].现代计算机,2004,4(3):87~91
[36] Jon Bates,Tim Tompkins.实用Visual C++ 6.0.第一版.北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[37]何仰赞,温增银等.电力系统分析(上,下) .第三版.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1984.
[38]刘正林.面向对象程序设计.第一版.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2004.
[39]张勇刚.超高压并联电抗器保护系统研制.[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆,2005.
[40]柏嵩,陈斌,唐涛等.IEC 60870-5-103规约的应用经验.电力系统自动化,2000,24(13):68～70.
[41]周森,郑玉平,刘晗等. IEC60870-5-103规约在微机型继电保护测试系统中的应用[J].继电器,2005,33(23):16~19
[42]中华人民共和国电力行业标准.远动设备及系统第5部分传输规约第103篇继电保护设备信息接口配套标准.第一版.北京:中国电力出版社,1999.
[43]陆履豪,徐国龙.半双工方式下微机多点串行通信.电力系统通信,1995,4(1):16～20.
[44] C.Brunner,A.Ostemeier.Serial Communication Between Process and Bay Level Standards and Practical Experience.CIGRE Session,Paris,2000,6(3): 94～106.
[45] D.V.Coury,D.C.Jorge.Aritificial Neural Network Approach to Distance Protection of Transmission Lines. IEEE Transations on Power Delivery, 1998,13(1):102～108.
[46]程炼,卞洪林.基于DSP的串行通信[J].光学与光电技术,2005,3(2):58~60
[47]戴新民,肖玲,赫亮等.Window2000下应用串口通讯控制交流变频器[J].北京建筑工程学报,2002,18(4):72~76
[48] Texas Instruments.TMS320C3X User’s Guide.1th Edition: 1997.
[49] Texas Instruments.TMS320C3X/C4X Assembly Language Tools.1th Edition: 1997.
[50] Texas Instruments.TMS320C3X C Source Debugger.1th Edition: 1997.
[51] Texas Instruments.TMS320C3X/C4X Optimizing C Compiler.1th Edition: 1997.
[52] Texas Instruments.TMS320C3X General-Purpose Applications.1th Edition: 1997.
[53]何任晖.使用VC++ 4.0为WINDOWS NT开发Socket通信程序[J].软件世界,1996,1(10):63~68
[54]彭成磊,王自强,吴月珠等.基于Socket通信的远程微处理器实验系统设计与实现[J].微处理机,2003,2(1):25~28
[55]韩京才.WINDOWS 2000 SERVER[M].第一版.北京:机械工业出版社.2000年4月
[56]孙宏卫,王金才,刘鹏涛等.在VC++中如何取得WINDOWS的消息监控权[J].现代计算机,2004,4(3):87~91
[57] Florian Hartwich.The Configration of the CAN Bit Timming PHILIPS Semiconductors Company.CAN SPECIFICATION,1991,9(3):67~71
[58]戴梅萼,付良.TCP IP与NETBIOS的技术特点[J].微型机与应用,1998,5(3):45～46
[59] Xin Yaozhong.Data Communication Protocol Series for Power Systems.Automation of Electric Power Systems,1999,23(1):40~44.
[60]陈众,方璐,李楠.VC环境下小型工业监控软件的开发[J].计算机自动测量与控制,2000,8(5):33~35
[61] Yu David C,Liu Haijun,Wu Feng jun.A GUI Based Visualization Tool forSequence Networks.IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1998,13(1):34~39
[62]杨军,张哲,江卫良等.基于以太网的发变组监录系统数据通讯的方案设计与实现[J].继电器,2002,30(6):43~47
[63]李东晓,李晓明,李留振等.PC与PLC实时通信的VisualC++6.0实现[J].计算机应用研究,2002,3(1):111~113
[64]冯远静,卢博友.WINDOWS 98下基于VC++ 6.0的多台PLC实时监控系统开发[J].自动化技术与应用,2000,19(5):31~35
[65]戴新民,肖玲,赫亮等.Window2000下应用串口通讯控制交流变频器[J].北京建筑工程学报,2002,18(4):72~76
