摘要
为了解水节霉滋生时海浪河的水质状况,针对水节霉高发段,研究了水节霉的分布特性,同时在水节霉滋生地河夹村大坝断面上下约13km范围内,以水节霉滋生地河夹村大坝、上游对照断面海浪河大桥和下游断面牡丹江市西水源地为重点,研究痕量有机物在海浪河水节霉高发段的分布特性。
2008年12月份～2011年2月份,通过对牡丹江流域和海浪河流域现场调查和实验室显微镜观察,确定水节霉主要发生在海浪河河夹村大坝100米范围内。水节霉成熟“缩缢”态时间段为每年的1月至2月,约1个月。每年2月初水节霉成为优势群落。
在水节霉高发期的12月份至次年2月份,采用吹扫捕集-GC-MS分析方法对水节霉滋生地河夹村大坝断面、其下游断面牡丹江市西水源地水样中挥发性有机物(VOC)检测表明,上述两个断面水样中VOC含量均达到《中华人民共和国地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)中相关指标限值,未造成VOC相关指标的污染。
在2011年1月(水节霉幼年期)和2011年2月(水节霉成熟期),采用SPE(固相萃取)-GC-MS分析方法对水节霉滋生地河夹村大坝断面、其上游对照断面海浪河大桥、其下游断面牡丹江市西水源地水样中半挥发性有机物(SVOC)检测表明,河夹村大坝断面值∑SVOC最高,为534.13 ng/L(1月份)和2849.24ng/L(2月份),3个断面2月份水样∑SVOC值均明显高于1月份,论文研究的42种SVOC相关指标未超出《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2006)中的对应限值。
在水节霉滋生地河夹村大坝断面上下约13km范围内,各断面表层沉积物中∑PAHs浓度范围为574.62～5426.20 ng/g,平均值为1908.14 ng/g。海浪河大桥、河夹村大坝和牡丹江市西水源地断面表层沉积物中∑PAHs的浓度在丰水期分别为806.42ng/g.539.23 ng/g.780.21 ng/g,平水期分别为2545.50 ng/g、854.38 ng/g、1522.98 ng/g。
对比3个重点断面水样和沉积物中的PAHs,结果表明随着PAHs环数的增大,在沉积物相与水相之间的分配系数Ks有增大的趋势,沉积物与水相中∑PAHs具有相关性,水中PAHs的浓度变化与沉积物中∑PAHs的浓度变化一致。
In order to detect the water quality of Hailang River in the Leptomitus lacteus's, growth period, the Leptomitus lacteus's growth distribution characteristics and the trace organic compound distribution feature were investigated in the high Leptomitus lacteus appearance area, i.e.13 km around the Hejiacun Dam of Hailang River. Trace organic compound distribution feature was studied extensively at important sections as Hejiacun Dam, upstream of Hailang River Bridge and downstream of Mudanjiang Xi Drinking Water Source.
The Leptomitus lacteus's growth area was mainly distributed in 100 m upstream of Hejiacun Dam section, which was revealed by lab microscopic and on site observation in Hailang River and Mudanjiang River. The mature "inward curving" shape of Leptomitus lacteus appeared from January to February, and the Leptomitus lacteus became the dominant species in early February.
During the high appearance period of Leptomitus lacteus from December to next February, the purge and trap technique in combination with gas chromatography mass spectrometry was applied to test the VOCs'concentration of water samples from Hejiacun Dam and Mudanjiang Xi Drinking Water Source. The results showed that the VOCs' concentration of both sites can meet the corresponding requirement of environmental quality standards for surface water, and no VOCs'pollution is occured.
In January(Leptomitus lacteus juvenile period) and February(Leptomitus lacteus mature period) of 2011, solid extraction in combination with GC-MS was used to detect the SVOCs'concentration of water samples from the three important sampling sections, i.e. Hejiacun Dam, upstream Hailang River Bridge and downstream of Mudanjiang Xi Drinking Water Source. The results showed that the total SVOCs'concentration of Hejiacun Dam is the highest, i.e.534.13ng/L in January and 2849.24ng/L in February respectively. For the three sampled sections, the SVOCs'concentration was obviously higher in February than that in January, and all of the 42 examinated SVOCs met the corresponding requirement of sanitary standard for drinking water.
The total PAHs in the surface layer sediment was detected in the area of 13km around Hejiacun Dam, where Leptomitus lacteus grew abundantly. The total PAHs ranged from 574.62 to 5426.20ng/g, and the average concentration was 1908.14ng/g. The total PAHs concentration of the surface layer sediment of Hejiacun Dam, upstream Hailanghe Bridge, downstream of Mudanjiang Xi Drinking Water Source was 806.42 ng/g,539.23 ng/g and 780.21ng/g respectively in high flow period. The total PAHs concentration of the surface layer sediment of the three sections was 2545.50 ng/g,854.38 ng/g and 1522.98 ng/g respectively in normal flow period.
The PAHs concentration comparison of the water and sediment samples of the three sections mentioned above showed that the partition coefficient (Ks) between sediment and water phase increase with the growing of PAHs ring number. The correlation of total PAHs in sediment phase and water phase was positive, which indicated that total PAHs concentration of water phase and sediment phase has the same variation trend.
引文
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