摘要
土地利用安全格局(security pattern,SP)是在土地利用优化(Land-use allocation )研究的基础上,以土地可持续利用为目标,综合考虑土地利用的经济、社会与生态效应的土地空间布局模式。
大安市位于我国北方的农牧交错带,是三河(嫩江、洮儿河、霍林河)流经之地,地势相对平坦、地貌类型相对单调,气候特征是大气降水少且多以暴雨的形式输入,蒸发大于降水,生态环境较为敏感。在以往人类不尽合理的土地利用方式和脆弱生态本底的共振下,影响土地利用不安全的生态风险:洪水、内涝、土地沙化、碱化和退化时有发生,严重干扰到大安市社会经济的有序发展和生态安全。
本文在综合分析大安市生态风险产生原因的基础上,提出水是影响大安市生态安全的关键因子。为构建大安市土地利用的安全格局,以2008年大安市土地利用数据和气象数据为基础资料,通过野外实地调查与测定,利用遥感和地理信息系统手段与多元统计分析等方法,分析大安市土地利用现状和生态风险的对偶关系,根据两者的拟合程度将大安市划分为三个土地区:洮儿河流域区、嫩江流域区和霍林河流域区。根据各区目前土地利用现状和主要生态风险,计算不同用地方式(林地、园地、旱田、水田、草地等)的生态需水量和区内水的供给总量,以水供给的相对平衡和安全用水确定各区土地利用模式,并制定相应的土地生态安全评价标准和管理措施,构建相对安全的土地利用模式。
Patterns of land use of safety (security pattern, SP) is a Spatial Arrangement which is based on the optimization of land use (Land-use allocation) study, ues the sustainable land use as the goal, and considered land use economic, social and ecological effects.
Da' an is located in farming-pastoral zone in Northern China,Yes Mikawa (Nenjiang, Tao' er River, Holling River) flowing through the land, the terrain is relatively flat and landscape types are Relatively monotonous, climate is characterized by less precipitation and is Mostly in the form of rainfall input precipitation, evaporation is greater than precipitation, ecological environment are more sensitive。Human irrational use the land in the past ,while ecological background is relatively week,all of which Increase the ecological risk of land use: floods, waterlogging, desertification and alkalization and degradation have occurred, seriously interfered the orderly development of socio-economic and ecological safety in Da’an city.
The article in a comprehensive analysis Da' an City ecological risk propounded the water is affecting Da' an City ecological safety of the key factor. To build up Da' an City Land Use of the security situation, in 2008, based on Da' an City Land Use of data and meteorological data, through field survey and mapping using remote sensing and geographic information system methods and pluralistic statistical analysis, analytical Da' an city land use situation and ecological risk dual relations, in accordance with the intention to the extent of Da' an city, the city divided into three land area: Tao' er River basin area, Nenjiang basin area and Holling River basin area. Under the current land use situation and major ecological risk and different land (woodland, corner, dry farmland, paddy fields, Turf, ecological for water and water supply volume of water supply of relatively balanced and safe water the land use pattern, and formulated corresponding land ecological safety evaluation standards and management measures, build relative security land use pattern.
引文
[1].杨凤海.非专业软件Photoshop绘制土地利用分区图探索1005-3123(2000)02-007-02
[2]张虹波,刘黎明.土地资源生态安全研究进展与展望.地理科学进展, 2006, 25(5): 77~85.
[3]金良呼伦贝尔市土地利用分区及发展方向探讨.内蒙古科技与经济,1007-6921(2004)16-0012-03
[4].张彤吉赵岩文朱闪闪.基于SPSS的长三角土地利用分区研究.江西农业学报,1001-8581(2007)11-0077-04.
[5].李默李晓东马爱慧.基于SPSS的新疆土地利用分区.资源与产业,1673-2464-(2006)04-0059-04
[6].宋小青.基于产业发展及其用地关系的土地利用分区研究_以长株潭城市群为例.国土资源科技管理,1009-4210(2008)03-051-08
[7].张洁霞陈祐其姚艳敏.基于土地利用功能的土地利用分区研究_以吉林省为例.,中国农业大学学报,1007-4333(2008)-03-0029-07
[8].李倩刁承泰.江津市土地利用分区研究.国土资源科技管理,1009-4210(2006)03-42-05
[9].箫璇.解读土地利用分区与差别化的土地利用政策.北京房地产, 2009-2
[10].王虚张正雄李学明.聚类分析在土地利用分区中的应用.安徽农业科学,1995-12-23-4.
[11].赵晓敏朱碧华陈美秋.鄱阳湖地区土地利用分区及土地持续利用研究.江西农业大学学报,1998 12 20-4.
[12].黄金火.莆田县土地利用分区及用途管制规则研究.泉州师专学报(自然科学版) ,1999-11-17-6
[59].高慧清樊兰英.山西省土地利用分区方法初探.农业系统科学与综合研究,1994 10(4)309 312,314
[13].吴传均,郭焕成.中国土地利用[M].北京:科学出版社, 1994:23-25
[15].李宁宁.土地利用分区管制的国际对比.边疆经济与文化,1672-5409(2006)01-0033-03.
[14]汪秀莲,王静.日本韩国土地管理法律制度与土地利用规划制度及其借鉴[M].北京:中国大地出版社, 2004: 169-71
[16] Arnold F. Politics adm inistration, and local land-use regulation:analyzingzoning as a policy process [ J]. Public AdministrationReview, 1989, 49(4): 337-344
[18] JonathanHM, MichaelA G. Land use controls: the case of zoning intheVancouverarea[M]. Areuea Journa,l 1981, 9(4): 418-435
[15] Nick G, Kuang S K. Land zoning and local discretion in the Koreanplanningsystem[J]. LandUse Policy, 2001, 18(3): 233-243
〔19」.叶亚平，刘鲁军.中国省域生态环境质量评价指标体系研究[Jl.环境科学研究，1999，13(3):33~36.
【20].鹿心社.全国土地利用总体规划[M].北京:中国大地出版社, 2001
【21].左伟，王桥，王文杰等.区域生态安全评价与标准研究〔J]，地理学与国土研究，20()2，18(1):67~71.
【22〕陈东景，徐中民.西北内陆河流域生态安全评价研究—以黑河流域中游张掖地区为例〔J].干早区地理，20()2，25(3):134~167.
【23]周金星，陈浩，张怀清‘首都圈多伦地区荒漠化生态安全评价〔J].中国水土保持科学，2003.1(1):8()~84.
[24]秦建成，高明.三峡低山丘陵区生态系统安全评价一以重庆忠县为例[Jl.山地学报，20()4，22(1):73~78.
【25]杜巧玲，许学工，刘文政.黑河中下游绿洲生态安全评价〔J].生态学报，2以摊，24(9):1眺6一1923.
[26]卢金发，尤联元，陈浩等.内蒙古锡林浩特市生态安全评价与土地利用调整口1.资裸科学，20()4，26(2):108~114.
[27]张虹波，刘黎明.土地资源生态安全研究进展与展望〔J].地理科学进展，2仪冷，器(5):77~85
[38] Ian Allan, Jim Peterson. Spatial modeling in decision support for land- useplanning: a demonstration from the Lal Lalcatchment, Victoria, Australia. Australian Geographical Studies, 2002,40(1):84~92.
[28]. Walter K. Dodds and Robert M. Oakes Headwater Influences on Downstream WaterQuality 10.1007/s00267-007-9033-y.
[29]. Jingzhu Zhao, Qishan Luo, Hongbing Deng, and Yan Yan Opportunities andchallenges of sustainable agricultural development in China10.1098/rstb.2007.2190
[30]. Walter Jetz, David S Wilcove, and Andrew P Dobson Projected Impacts ofClimate and Land-Use Change on the Global Diversity of Birds10.1371/journal.pbio.0050157
[31]. Ratana Sithiprasasna, Won Ja Lee, Donald M Ugsang, and Kenneth J Linthicum55Identification and characterization of larval and adult anopheline mosquito habitats in the Republic of Korea: potential use of remotely sensed data to estimate mosquito distributions 10.1186/1476-072X-4-17.
[32]. Mark H DeVisser and Joseph P Messina Optimum land cover products for use in a Glossina-morsitans habitat model of Kenya 10.1186/1476-072X-8-39.
[33]. B. L. Turner, II, Eric F. Lambin, and Anette Reenberg From The Cover:Land Change Science Special Feature: The emergence of land change science for global environmental change and sustainability 10.1073/pnas.0704119104
[34]. Tien Ming Lee and Walter Jetz Future battlegrounds for conservation under global change 10.1098/rspb.2007.1732
[35]. Giovanni Emiliani, Marco Fondi, Renato Fani, and Simonetta Gribaldo A horizontal gene transfer at the origin of phenylpropanoid metabolism: a key adaptation of plants to land 10.1186/1745-6150-4-7.
[36].D. STOW, A. LOPEZ, C. LIPPITT, S. HINTON, and J. WEEKS Object-based classification of residential land use within Accra, Ghana based on QuickBird satellite data 10.1080/01431160701604703.
[38] Ian Allan, Jim Peterson. Spatial modeling in decision support for land- use planning: a demonstration from the Lal Lal catchment, Victoria, Australia. Australian Geographical Studies, 2002, 40(1):84~92.
[43].杨志峰,崔保山,刘静玲,等.生态环境需水量理论、方法与实践[M] .北京:科学出版社,2003. 22 - 103.
[44].崔树彬.关于生态环境需水量若干问题的探讨[J ] .中国水利,2001 , (1) :71 - 74.
[45].汤洁,卞建民,林年丰.松嫩平原生态环境与荒漠化预警[J ] .吉林大学学报(工学版) ,2002 ,32 (增刊) :8 - 9.
[46].于闵周详邓志刚.系统聚类分析法在统筹区域土地利用分区研究中的应用.国土资源导刊,2008-01
[47].王生.渝北区统筹区域土地利用分区研究.安徽农业科学,0517-6611(2007)06-01761-02.
[48].卞建民,汤洁,林年丰.松嫩平原西南部土地碱质荒漠化预警研究[J ] .环境科学研究,2001 ,14 (6) :47 - 49.
[49].陈丽华,王礼先.北京市生态用水分类及森林植被生态用水定额的确定[J ].水土保持研究,2001 ,8 (4) :161 - 164.
[50].邓敏娜.桂阳县土地利用与区域经济发展研究.湖南师范大学硕士学位论文,2007-05
[51].陈文波,赵丽红,钱奇霞鄱阳湖区土地利用安全格局研究浙江林学院园林学院2008年7月
[52]张文柯西安市土地生态安全评价西北大学
[53] Frank Witlox Marc Antrop Peter Bogaert Philippe De Maeyer Ben Derudder Introducing Functional Classification Theory ToLand Use Planning By Means Of Decision Tables. Ghent University, Department of Geography,Krijgslaan 281 (S8), B-9000 Cent, Belgium 0167-9236.
[54]. Tomas Vaclavik John Rogan . Identifying Trends In Land Use/land CoverChangesInTheContextOf Post-socialistTransformationInCentralEurope:ACaseStudyOfTheGreaterOlomoucRegion,CzechRepublic. 1548-1603 .
[55]. Peter Messerli, Andreas Heinimann, and Michael Epprecht Finding Homogeneity in Heterogeneity—A New Approach to Quantifying Landscape Mosaics Developed for the Lao PDR 10.1007/s10745-009-9238-1.
[56]. Tyler Wagner, M Eric Benbow, Travis O Brenden, Jiaguo Qi, and R Christian Johnson Buruli ulcer disease prevalence in Benin, West Africa: associations with land use/cover and the identification of disease clusters 10.1186/1476-072X-7-25
[57]. Emmanuel Mushinzimana, Stephen Munga, Landscape determinants and remote sensing of anopheline mosquito larval habitats in the western Kenya highlands 10.1186/1475-2875-5-13.
[58]. Jose de Jesus Návar-Chaidez Carbon Balance Manag. 2008; 3: 6. Published online 2008 September 30. Carbon fluxes resulting from land-use changes in the Tamaulipan thornscrub of northeastern Mexico 10.1186/1750-0680-3-6
[59]. Benjamin G Jacob, Josephat Shililu, Ephantus J Muturi Spatially targeting Culex quinquefasciatus aquatic habitats on modified land cover for implementing an Integrated Vector Management (IVM) program in three villages within the Mwea Rice Scheme, Kenya 10.1186/1476-072X-5-18
[60].王玉波,雷国平,唐莹等.统筹黑龙江省土地利用分区与战略对策研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2008,24 (2):61-65.
[61].国家土地管理局土地利用规划司.全国土地利用总体规划研究[M].北京:科学出版社, 1994
[62].张虹波,刘黎明.土地资源生态安全研究进展与展望「J].地理科学进展,2006,25 (5):77一85
[63].Ralf Seppel, Alexey VOinov.Optimization methodology for land use patterns using spatially explieit landse emodels[J].EcologicalModelling,2002, 151:125-142
[64]Ian Allan JimPeterson.Spatial modeling in deeision support for land-use Plannin g:a,demonstration,fromtheLalLaleatehlnent,Vietoria,Australia[J].Australian,GeograPhieal Studies,2002,40(l):84一92
[65]牛振国,李保国,张凤荣.基于区域土壤水分供给量的土地利用优化模式「J」.农业工程学报,2002, 18(3):173-177
[66]张红旗,李家永,牛栋.典型红壤丘陵区土地利用空间优化配置[J].地理学报, 2003,58(5):668-676 [67」高清竹,许红梅,江源等.黄河中游砒砂岩地区长川流域土地利用/覆盖安全格局初探〔J〕.农业工程学报,22(3):51-56
[68].吉林省统计局.吉林统计年鉴,2008[M].北京:中国统计出版社.
[69].马军霞王琦刘培勋,城市水资源承载能力计算模型研究第28卷第2期
[70]张洁暇,陈佑启.现在土地利用区划新设想[J].地理与地理信息科学.2008.24.(4):76—79.
[71]王君仁,许庆福等.日照市土地利用综合分区及空间管制[J].山东国土资源.2008.24.(7):101—103.
[72]李默,李晓东等.基于SPSS新疆土地利用分区[J].资源与产业.2006.8(4):59—62.
