摘要
微纳米结构磁性材料(包括铁氧体,磁性金属氧化物,铁磁性金属及合金等)是一类非常重要的无机功能材料。基于其在电子、信息、汽车、航空航天、生物医药等领域潜在应用前景,近年来有关微纳米结构磁性材料的制备及性能表征已成为磁学领域的研究热点之一。设计开发具有独特形貌的微纳米磁性材料,并对其磁性能进行研究,是科研工作者努力实现的目标。本论文通过合成工艺设计,制备了四类五种不同形貌的微纳米磁性材料,并对其形成机理和相关磁性能作了较为系统的研究。主要研究内容及结果如下:
(1)采用溶剂热法制备了尺寸均匀、单晶、单分散,直径为200–300 nm,壁厚为50 nm的四氧化三铁中空微球,系统地研究了制备条件对样品形貌、结构以及磁性能的影响,提出了络合-定向生长-再溶解、成核-组装-腐蚀撤去的形成机制。
(2)通过简单的水热过程,以硫酸亚铁和氯酸钠为起始原料,在无模板存在的情况下,制备得到了三维超结构的三氧化二铁。通过实验条件的调控实现了两种不同形貌和结构的三氧化二铁,即海胆状和哈密瓜状三维超结构的可控制备,并对这两种超结构的形成机理和磁性能进行了研究。
(3)采用络合-还原水/溶剂热路径,以氯化钴和联氨为主要原料,制备得到了两种不同形貌和结构的钴单质。研究了络合剂、反应持续时间、联氨的浓度等对样品形貌的影响,给出了不同结构和形貌的钴单质的形成机理,并研究了两种钴单质样品的磁性能。
(4)在十六烷基三甲基溴/氯化铵存在的情况下,以氯化钴、氯化镍和联氨为起始原料,经水热处理制备了6–7μm长的亚微米链状镍钴(NiCo)合金聚集体。研究了表面活性剂对其结构和形貌的影响,并对其磁性能进行了研究。
Micro- and nano-structured magnetic materials, including ferrites, ferromagnetic metal oxides, and ferromagnetic metals and alloys etc, are very important functional materials. The synthesis, characterization and magnetic properties of micro- and nano-structured magnetic materials have become a hot topic in magnetism research areas and are attracting a growing interest because of the potential applications such as electron, communication, automobile, aerospace, biology and medicine, et al. More and more attentions have been paid to the studies of the synthesis and magnetic properties of those magnetic materials with uniform morphologies. In this dissertation, many efforts have been made to design and synthesize micro- and nanostructured magnetic materials. The formation mechanisms and magnetic properties of these materials have also been systematically studied. The main contents and major results are given as follows:
(1) Uniform-sized, monodisperse and single-crystal magnetite hollow spheres with a diameter of 200–300 nm and a shell thickness of ~50 nm have been successfully synthesized in high yield using a template-free solvothermal route. We systematically investigated the influence of synthetic conditions on the morphology, structures and magnetic properties, and proposed the formation mechanism for the magnetite hollow spheres.
(2) Hematite of three dimensional (3D) superstructures has been successfully prepared by a hydrothermal synthetic route based on the reaction between ferrous sulfate and sodium chlorate. An interesting feature is that 3D urchin-like and single-crystalline cantaloupe-like hematite superstructures can be controllably obtained by adjusting the synthetic conditions. The formation mechanism and magnetic properties of the hematite superstructures have been investigated.
(3) Novel three dimensional (3D) Co dendritic superstructures and hierarchical nanostructured microspheres were successfully prepared by a simple hydro- and solvothermal reduction route. The influence of synthetic conditions on the morphology, structures and magnetic properties of the metallic Co were systematically investigated. The possible formation processes of the two metallic Co with different structures and morphologies were proposed.
(4) Chain-like NiCo alloy assemblies with a length of up to 6–7μm were successfully prepared by a hydrothermal synthetic route in the presence of cetyltrimethylamonium bromide (CTAB) or cetyltrimethylamonium chloride (CTAC). We have investigated the influence of synthetic conditions on the morphology and structures. Investigation on the influence of the morphology and structures on the magnetic properties of NiCo alloy has been performed.
引文
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