摘要
沸石分子筛是一种具有微孔结构的立方晶格型硅铝酸盐化合物,它对极性分子和饱和分子具有优先吸附能力,因而能把极性程度不同、饱和程度不同、分子大小不同及沸点不同的分子分离开来。分子筛在制氧行业中的应用主要是利用其变压吸附(Pressure Swing Adsorption简称PSA)特性,即在常温常压下,以空气为原料,以沸石分子筛为吸附剂,利用沸石分子筛加压时对氮气的吸附容量增加,减压时对氮气的吸附容量减少的特性,形成加压吸附、减压解吸的循环过程,使空气中21%的氧与78%的氮及1%的其他气体分离而制取氧气,产品氧气完全满足医用氧的要求。目前,国外的医院也已大量使用各型分子筛制氧机作为医院的氧源。
我国在分子筛制氧机研制方面起步上世纪80年代,但是目前大型医院使用双塔交替吸附工作的PSA分子筛制氧系统多为分立式、体积大、占地面积大、噪音较高,不适于中小型医院推广,且须有工作人员职守,定时记录数据,不能远程监控。中小型医院所使用的一体式ATF型分子筛制氧机多为香港尚健医疗科技发展有限公司上世纪90年代推出的产品,但它不能实现各个机组的单独控制,致使设备检修的不便,且价格较高。
在此背景之下,本课题来源于四川省计算机研究院四川省科技支撑项目,是在传统PSA分子筛吸附制氧技术的基础上,通过深入分析传统PSA分子筛制氧系统结构,合理的选择设备部件、控制器件及创新的结构设计,自主研发出一套体积小、便于操作、检修、运行稳定、噪声低,用于手术室、抢救室、治疗室和各个病房终端处氧气供应、供医疗使用的医用分子筛制氧机。
系统应用6台ATF分子筛吸附塔为核心制氧器件,完成了分子筛制氧机的主体设计;采用低功耗MCU--MSP430F149作为核心控制器,完成了分子筛吸附制氧机控制系统的硬件设计和软件设计。系统应用MSP430F149内部集成的12位ADC完成了产品氧气的流量、压力、浓度信号的实时采集,应用MSP430F149单片机I/O数量较多的特点完成了对6个机组的单独控制,同时,系统应用串口转以太网技术完成了远程数据的传输和远程监控系统的设计。系统经四川省食品药品监督管理局检测合格,并得到了四川省泸州医学院附属医院和成都中医药大学药物临床试验中心的临床推广。
Zeolite is a kind of compounds cubic lattice of aluminosilicate, it has uniform pore structure and the diameter of the holes are uniform. They have the priority to absorb polar molecules and saturated molecules, so we can separate molecules apart from each other as a sieve by their different degrees, levels of saturation, size and boiling point. The application of oxygen industries with molecular sieve is absolutely based on the advanced technology of Pressure Swing Adsorption (for short PSA) by using the characteristics of molecular. Under normal temperature and low pressure, it can form a circulation, using air as their raw material and molecular sieve as their sorbent, that when the pressure increases, the capacity of absorbing nitrogen will increase, and on contrary, when the pressure reduces, the capacity of absorbing nitrogen will decrease. The generator can separate the 21%of oxygen and 78%of nitrogen and 1%other components from each other and recover the oxygen which absolutely meet the standards of Medical Oxygen. Currently, hospitals of foreign countries have been extensively using various types of medical oxygen generators for oxygen supply.
Development of molecular sieve oxygen generator in China was start in the 80s last century, however, the alternate-adsorption PSA molecular sieve oxygen generators used in large hospitals are are discrete, bulky, with loud noise and large area, requiring workers to guard and register the data regularly, and they are also not allowed for workers to operate and control long-distance. As a result, they are not suitable for small and medium hospitals. The now-used incorporate ATF type oxygen generators in small hospitals launched by Shang Jian Technology Development Co. Ltd of Hong Kong in 90s last century can not be controlled for individual units, thus equipment maintenance is inconvenient, and at the same time the price is high.
Under such background, this subject comes from the Science and Technology Support Project of Sichuan Province by Sichuan Research Center Of Computer Applications, based on the technology of traditional PSA medical oxygen generators, we independently excogitate a set of medical oxygen generator that with small size, easy to operate, steady when running and low noise and primary uses for the oxygen supply for operating rooms, emergency rooms, treatment rooms and various ward terminals by analyzing the structure of traditional PSA molecular sieve oxygen generation systems, and choosing components of the generator and control units for its control system reasonably.
The system uses 6 sets of ATF molecular sieve as its core oxygen concentration parts to realize the design of the main body of the generator, using MSP430F149 whose power is utralow as the core controller to realize hardware design and software design of the control system for the generator. The system uses the 12-bit ADC internal the MSP430F149 to collect the real-time flow rate and pressure and purity signals of the oxygen that produced. Giving that the MSP430F149 has so many I/O ports that we use MSP430F149 to control the 6 units separately. At the same time, the system uses the technology of serial to Ethernet to realize the design of long-distance data transmission and monitoring system. The system has been verified by Sichuan Food and Drug Administration, and it’s also verified and recommended for medical use by the Good Clinical Practice(GCP) in Luzhou Medical Colleges and Chengdu University of TCM hospitals in Sichuan province.
引文
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