摘要
随着科技的进步与工业技术的发展，人民群众的生活水平在逐渐的提高，人们对自身健康的关注程度也相应提高，但随之带来的大气污染问题也日益严重，这便造成了人民群众对自身健康的逐渐重视与大气空气质量污染问题的持续出现之间的矛盾。
目前在我国的大气污染物中，可吸入颗粒物已经成为最主要的污染成分而对人们的身体健康造成了极大的危害。作为条件更为苛刻的室内空气环境来说，其中的可吸入颗粒物质量浓度较室外更高，人员停留的时间也更久，因此室内可吸入颗粒物质量浓度的高低对人体造成的危害远比室外更大，也更应受到重视。正因如此，空气过滤技术作为民用舒适性室内空间中降低可吸入颗粒物质量浓度最有效、最经济的方法之一而受到了各界的关注，对其相关研究也逐渐展开。其中过滤材料作为过滤系统的核心原件，其性能的高低直接影响到过滤系统的使用效果，因此对其的研究一直是重中之重。
目前民用舒适性空间内的可吸入颗粒物浓度均以PM_(10)的浓度值作为衡量指标，这个设计指标在我国于2003年颁布并开始强制实施。而随着对可吸入颗粒物研究的深入，粒径的细分化已经成为目前的主流趋势并逐渐应用于实践当中。例如，在美国，便已于今年开始分地区分时段的应用更为严格的PM_(2.5)标准，由此可以看出，随着PM_(10)标准在我国的普及以及PM_(2.5)标准在欧美国家的逐渐发展，后者在我国的推广与相关标准的制定也是势在必行的。
目前我国对于民用舒适性空间内的可吸入颗粒物通常使用粗效滤料进行过滤，少量使用中效滤料，而通过大量实验研究及应用可以发现粗、中效滤料对PM_(10)的过滤效果甚微，而对PM_(2.5)则基本无效；高效滤料虽然效果较好，但因其过滤阻力太大，造成系统能耗增加，导致成本升高，因此也无法应用于民用室内空间的空气过滤，所以，挑选一种新型过滤材料来满足舒适性空间内的PM_(10)标准乃至即将到来的PM_(2.5)标准，保护人们群众的身体健康便成为一项刻不容缓的工作。
驻极体滤料作为一种“高效低阻”的新型的过滤材料目前正逐渐受到重视，但是对其过滤特性的相关实验研究仍然较少，因此对其是否适用于民用空气过滤技术中尚无定论，本课题则通过对不同的过滤风速、克重、阻力压降、容尘量、过滤对象粒径大小等条件下驻极体过滤材料的过滤性能进行了详细的实验研究及分析讨论。同时，为了能更有针对性的对不同粒径大小的颗粒物的过滤效率进行分析，以便更有针对性的对滤料材料进行性能检测，在实验之前，笔者对多处室内环境进行了实地调研，具体包括多处不同功用的公共建筑及多处不同条件下的办公室环境，通过调研对不同类型的室内环境中颗粒物浓度的分布特性及颗粒物质量(数量)浓度的影响因素等进行了详细分析，并得出了较为有意义的结论，为课题的进行打下了良好的理论基础。
而为了能早日的将驻极体过滤材料应用到工程实践中去，本论文又以之前所调研监测的某办公室为原型，建立了不同空气过滤方式下室内颗粒物质量浓度的稳态模型，并通过计算推导得出了室内颗粒物瞬时浓度、稳定浓度、过滤时间等表达式，然后将粗中高效滤料及多种驻极体滤料的实际实验检测数值代入后进行求解分析，通过分析后发现，驻极体滤料的过滤性能较粗中高效过滤材料更为优良。同时也对不同空气过滤方式下室内颗粒物稳定浓度大小，达到稳定所需时间等进行了理论分析，以期能为工程实际应用中驻极体滤料的早日应用及空气过滤方式的选择提供一定的理论依据。不仅如此，本课题在进行颗粒物谱分布变化曲线及滤料分级效率的原始数据处理上采用了数学方程式拟合的方法来进行表示，通过原始数据与拟合曲线的对比可以更为清楚的看出其各项变化的趋势，以方便对其进行规律性总结，并通过所得拟合方程式来对颗粒物浓度、滤料分级效率等进行估算或验算。
本课题的研究以驻极体滤料的过滤性能及相关因素研究为主，并得出一定结论；同时也通过前期调研监测，对多种公用及办公建筑的室内环境中可吸入颗粒物的实际分布状况及颗粒物浓度影响因素进行了归纳总结，并对这些研究采用了数学拟合的方式进行规律性总结，通过这些研究不仅能对室内可吸入颗粒物的分布特性有了更加深入的了解，更能为驻极体过滤材料的早日应用提供有益的指导建议，从而达到保护人民群众身体健康的最终目标!
With the improvement of science and technology, people's standard of living has improved gradually and people are paying more and more attention to the health of themselves, but the airborne contamination is becoming worse too, all of these lead to a contradiction between the people's recognition on theire health and the deterioration of the air quality.
Now the IP(Inhalable Particles) has become the uppermost contamination in the atmosphere in our country and do more harm to our health. More rigorous condition were required for the indoor air environment where the concentration of IP is high and people stay more time in, so we should pay more attention to the indoor IP concentration than that of out door. As one of the most effective and economical methods which can reduce the concentration of IP , the way of air filtration has gained more attention from all circles and some research has began gradually. The Filtration material is the hard core of the whole system, its performance influence the effect of filtration system directly, so the research on it is the most important.
Normally, we use the PM_(10) which was executed in 2003 as the index of IP's concentration in the comfortable indoor environment. But with the deep development of research , we found a derection that the object has changed to the more tiny than now. Such as in USA, the standard of PM_(2.5) which is more strict than PM_(10) has applied according to the different area and the different period of time from this year. So we can say that with the popularity of the standard PM10 in our country and the development of standard PM2.5 in Europe and American , the establishment and spread of the later standard will carry out sooner or later.
Now we usually use the low-efficiency in the air filtration system and sometime use the middle-efficiency, but both of this played a unimportant part to the PM10 and nearly useless to the PM_(2.5), although the high-efficiency filtration material is good ,but the higher resistance will cost more energy, so it seldom be used in the comfortable air filtration system. From all of this we found it's urgent to pick up a kind of new filtration material to purifying the IP and to protect our health.
The Electret filtration material has been recognized by more and more people for it's great performance, but there is still no conclusion that if it's useful for the comfortable air environment, because the experiments about the performance are few. In this paper ,we have done a great deal of experiments to test the efficiency of electret filtration material to the IP. In order to get a more exact result, at first, we picked up some public buildings and office to monitor and then we analyzed those data to educe a significative conclision which can be the foundation of this research
For applying the electret filtration material to project as soon as posible, in this paper, according to the information surveyed, we build a model of IP's concentration under different melthod of air-filtration, then obtain some formulas such as the instantaneous concentration, steady concentration, time of filtration and so on, take the result which had obtained before to those formulas and analyzed. From those, we found that electret filtration material is better than the low or middle filtration material, and I hope all of these conclusion will be helpful to the application of electret filtration material so as to gain the final aim of protecting people's health.
引文
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