摘要
对于在工况恶劣的条件下运行的工程车辆来说,其工作性能和可靠性在很大程度上取决于它的传动系,而变速箱和驱动桥是传动系的重要部件,应用加载试验台在室内对变速箱和驱动桥进行加载试验,可进行性能测试、可靠性和质量的评估,能够降低变速箱和驱动桥的研制成本,缩短研制周期。本文所研究的“工程车辆传动系加载试验台”采用共直流母线工作方式驱动变频电机来实现功率输入,试验件输出端经扭矩传感器、减速箱驱动加载电机,加载电机产生的电能经逆变驱动器反馈给驱动端。
本文首先对国内外在传动系试验台领域的研究做了详细的介绍,并对比了直流回馈式、交流回馈式、液压回馈式的优缺点。根据用户的需求确定本试验台采用共直流母线的工作方式,并对交流调速系统的发展做了介绍。
其次进行了试验台的总体设计。基于厦门质检所提供的柴油发动机扭矩——转速曲线,依据功率匹配原则,配置了变速箱加载试验台的驱动电机和变速箱。依据所测变速箱的速比范围,配置了变速箱加载试验台的加载电机和变速箱。依据柴油发动机经被测变速箱的扭矩——转速曲线,配置了驱动桥加载试验台的驱动电机和减速箱。根据轮边的机械特性配置了驱动桥加载试验台的加载电机和减速箱。
再次本文对交流伺服变频调速系统进行了研究,建立了交流伺服变频调速系统的数学模型。分别建立了变速箱和驱动桥加载系统的数学模型,在此基础上进行了仿真分析。利用传递函数方块图模型对驱动单元转速控制系统、加载单元转矩控制系统进行了频域分析,并通过仿真分析得出了柔性环节和负载惯量对加载系统特性的影响。并对驱动单元转速控制系统和加载单元转矩控制系统进行了时域分析,揭示了系统固有参数、控制器参数、驱动转速和加载转矩波动干扰(机械耦合)等对加载系统动态性能的影响规律,得到许多有参考价值的结论。为工程车辆传动系加载系统的设计,提供了可靠依据。研究了PI控制策略,设计的PI控制器提高了系统的动态特性,使系统具有较满意的控制结果。
As for the engineering vehicles running in poor condition, the working performance and reliability mainly depend on its transmission. Transmission and drive axle are important parts of the vehicle and their quality will certainly influence the engineering vehicle’s performance. Through application of simulation load test bed on the transmission and drive axle load test simulation, the performance can be tested, reliability and quality can be assessed, the development cost can be reduced and the development cycle can be shorten. The test bed adopting common DC Bus drives variable-frequency motor to achieve power input, output of test pieces by the torque sensor, gear box drives loading motor. The power generated by the motor feedback to the driver-side through inverter.
Firstly, this article makes a detailed description on transmission test bed at home and abroad,and compares the DC feedback type, exchange feedback, hydraulic feedback type of advantages and disadvantages. Determined according to the needs of users of the test bed work with Common DC Bus and make a description on AC Speed Control System.
Secondly, it has an overall design to the test bed, According to Xiamen quality testing institute provided diesel engine torque - speed curve, based on the principle of power matching, configure the drive motor and lift gear box of the transmission load test. According to the measured transmission ratio range, configure the load motor and gear box of the transmission load test. According to torque - speed curve of diesel engines through the measured transmission, configure drive motor and gear box of the drive axle load test bed. According to the mechanical characteristics of wheel-side, configure load motor and gear box of the drive axle load test bed.
Once again, in this paper, AC servo frequency control system is studied. Establish the AC servo frequency control system model.Establish transmission and drive axle loading system mathematical model and block diagram, and based on this carry on the simulation analysis. Using the transfer function block diagram model, frequency domain analysis has been made for drive unit speed control system and loading unit torque control system. The influence of flexible loop and Load inertia on the loading system have also been studied by means of simulation analysis.Time domain analysis has been made for the system mentioned above and reveals the influence law of system inherent parameters, controller parameters,and mechanical coupling on dynamic performance of system. Many valuable conclusions have been drawn and supply dependable references to the design of the loading system.In-depth study of the PI control strategy, design of PI controller to improve the dynamic characteristics of the system, the system has a more satisfactory control.
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