摘要
富含硫氮的工业废气和废水对环境造成很大污染,传统的治理方法投资和运行成本高、二次污染严重。生物法因具有工艺设备简单、能耗小、处理费用低、效果好等特点而日益受到关注。
本文根据脱氮硫杆菌在厌氧条件下能够脱硫脱氮的生理特性,以生物滴滤塔为反应器、脱氮硫杆菌为功能菌种进行实验。实验利用垃圾渗滤液进行填料挂膜并驯化得到脱氮硫杆菌菌群后,考察了生物膜成熟后塔温30℃条件下进气浓度、液体喷淋量、入口气体流量等因素对H2S和NOx去除效率的影响,以及硫氮摩尔比、硫化物浓度对废水中硝酸盐和硫化物脱除效果的影响。实验结果表明:
脱氮硫杆菌在厌氧条件下可以有效地处理富含硫氮的废气和废水。
在液体喷淋量150L/h、入口气体流量1m3/h、进气浓度0～30ppm范围内,H2S的去除效率由75%增至91%;在进气浓度30～160ppm范围内,去除效率由91.4%降至73.3%。在入口气体流量0.1m3/h、液体喷淋量200L/h、进气浓度100～450ppm范围内,NO2的去除效率保持在95%左右。在液体喷淋量150L/h、入口气体流量0.1m3/h、进气浓度200～450ppm范围内,NO的去除效率在70.9～73.2%之间波动;在进气浓度750～1600ppm范围内,去除效率由69.4%降至59.9%。经分析,H2S和NO的去除符合“吸附—生物膜”理论,即气体通过扩散到达生物膜表面后被微生物所利用;NO2的去除符合“吸收—生物膜”理论,即气体先溶于循环液再被微生物吸附、利用。
处理废水时,当原水硫氮摩尔比控制在5:3、S2-浓度控制在400mg/L时,3天后NO3-的去除效率可达65.55%,硫单质的产量可达207.3mg/L。脱氮硫杆菌对废水中的硫化物有一定的耐受程度,当硫化物浓度大于400mg/L时,反硝化效果明显降低。
Nitrogen compounds and sulfur compounds in flue gas and waste water are harmful to environment and human health. The traditional technologies for removing these pollutants have some shortcomings such as high cost or produced secondary pollutant.Thus, biological purification technology become more concerned in recent years because of its easily design, low cost, no repeated pollution.
The biological characteristics and suitable growth conditions of Thiobacillus denitrificans were demonstrated. Thiobacillus denitrificans has such advantage as desulfurization and denitrification under anaerobic conditions. Therefore it can be used to remove hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide from flue gas and sulfide and nitrate from waste water. The experiment was carried out in Biotrickling filter filled with packing on which Thiobacillus denitrificans grown. The factors influencing the H2S and NOx removal efficiency such as gas flow, concentration of inlet gas, spray volume of circulation liquid, etc, were observed. The factors influencing the nitrate and sulfide removal efficiency such as the ratio of sulfide to nitrate and the sulfide concentration, etc, were investigated too.
The results of the experiment were summarized as follows:
Thiobacillus denitrificans could effectively remove H2S, NOx, nitrate and sulfide under anaerobic condition.
The removal efficiency of H2S increased from 75% to 91% when the spray volume of circulation liquid was 150L/h, gas flow was 1m3/h, the inlet concentration of H2S increased from 0 to 30ppm. The removal efficiency of H2S decreased from 91.4% to 73.3% when the spray volume of circulation liquid was 150L/h, gas flow was 1m3/h, the inlet concentration of H2S increased from 30 to 160ppm. The removal efficiency of NO2 was about 95% when the spray volume of circulation liquid was 200L/h, gas flow was 0.1m3/h, the inlet concentration of NO2 increased from 100 to 450ppm. The removal efficiency of NO keeped between 70.9%—73.2% when the spray volume of circulation liquid was 150L/h, gas flow was 0.1m3/h, the inlet concentration of NO increased from 200 to 450ppm. The removal efficiency of NO decreased from 69.4% to 59.9% when the spray volume of circulation liquid was 150L/h, gas flow was 0.1m3/h, the inlet concentration of NO increased from 750 to 1600ppm. In addition, through the analysis on mass transfer of H2S and NOx in bio-reactor, it was indicated that“Adsorption-Biofilm Theory”was suited for removal of H2S and NO, and“Absorption-Biofilm Theory”was suited for removal of NO2.
When the ratio of sulfide to nitrate was 5:3, and the sulfide concentration was controlled at 400mg/L in the waste water, the nitrate removal efficiency reached over 65% and the sulfur concentration was 207.3mg/L after 3 days. While the sulfide concentration reached over 400mg/L, the efficiency of nitrate removal reduced quickly.
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