摘要
王充是中国古代伟大的思想家。他的思想代表了汉代思想的最高成就,是他使汉代乌烟瘴气的社会思想走向清明。难怪近代学者章太炎讲:“汉得一人,足以振耻。”
汉代是中国儒家思想兴盛的时代,也是其最龌龊的时代。儒家方士化,方士儒家化,整个社会呈现在一种虚妄、迷信的氛围中。经生们为了达到对“利禄”的追求,纷纷借谶纬来附会经义。这样一来,使得原本积极救世的儒家经典变成了虚妄迷信的温床。王充他不满这种现状,承继先辈反谶斗争的武器,积极予以回击。
本文从东汉士人心理入手,通过对当时士人的心理分析,从中考察王充的历史地位,从而彰显王充不同于当时人的精神特质,揭示王充“真美、实诚”的现实意义。
王充倡导“真美、实诚”的文学观,在虚妄盛行的汉代无疑最具有斗争意义。王充这种以真美、实诚为核心的文学思想,建立在真实的基础之上,以真实为核心,他提出文学的“真美、实诚”观。王充所谓“真美”乃是主张真是美的基础与前提,真高于美,必真然后才有美。
王充在论述自己“真美”、“实诚”的文学观时,采用一种“辩照然否”的态度,对一切虚妄之言,虚妄之事都一一做了批判。他的批判是整体性的,对思想界的虚妄做到革除。然王充所处的时代文学还没有自觉,他的批判又出现一些偏颇。比如对想象,对情感的漠视等等。尽管王充的思想自有其历史局限,我们努力在还原历史的同时,应给王充以相对公正的评价。
Wang Chong was the greatest scholar in ancient China. His thought represents the highest lever in Han Dynasty. It is him who led the Han dynasty to a more civilized society. Zhang Bing lin, a modern scholar also gave him a high estimation.
Han dynasty was the flourishing era for Chinese Confucianism and it was also the armpit era. At the time, the Confucians and necromancer ere mixed together; they influenced and learned from each other. The whole Society was in a mixture of vanity and superstition. In order to reach the pursuit of fame, wealth and achievements, those scholars explained the Confucianism in a suppositious way. In this way, the originally positive salvation Confucianism turned into the hotbed of vanity and superstition. Wang chong was not satisfied with this reality. He followed the ancestor's idea and fight against those scholars.
The article was started from the analysis of psychic of Gentry Group in Eastern Han dynasty. It analyzed the attitude of Gentry group at the Time and made some simple divisions of them from which we can find out the Historical Status of Wang chong. He was different from the people at that time. From the article we can know the practical significance of "Real beauty and Honesty" which Wang chong advocated.
Wang chong advocates Real and Honest view of literature, which had very important significance in Han Dynasty that full of vanity. His iterary thought of real beauty and honesty was on the basis of truth. The truth is the core idea of his literary thought. He put up with Real and Honest view of literature. His so-called " Real Beauty" theory was that the truth is the basis and premise of beauty. The truth is more important than beauty and only the truth is beautiful.
On describing his real and honest view of literature, he adopted a dialectical attitude. He criticized all kinds of remarks and things that are not real. His criticism was in a whole and totally reformed the vanity in literal field. However, at Wang chong's time the literature is not awaken and there is also some crankiness in his criticism. For example, his ignore of imagination and feeling etc. Though there is some senseless in his Thought, we should give him a true estimation as we research into the reality of history.
引文
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