摘要
中华拟德氏吸虫(Paradeontacylix sinensis)于养殖河鲀中引起巨大的经济损失,从2005-2008两年的流行病学研究表明:P.sinensis是养殖河鲀的重要病原体之一,主要致病因子是成虫和虫卵,严重危害河鲀养殖业的顺利发展。致使福州地区河鲀养殖户改养其他鱼种或者迁移到其它海域进行养殖,使得福州闽东海域河鲀养殖处于瘫痪状态。中华拟德氏吸虫病具有年循环的流行规律,一年只有一次流行高峰,在福建闽东海域流行高峰为6～8月,引起危害于5到9月中旬间。从两年红鳍东方鲀感染率和死亡率情况和虫卵沉积情况,推测河鲀经历初次感染中华拟德氏吸虫后极可能获得了一定水平的特异性免疫。
获得P.sinensis的18S、28S rRNA部分序列及ITS2 rRNA基因全部序列,于Genbank上相应登入号为EU081899、EU368853和EU082007。核糖体大小亚基研究表明:裂体科与旋睾科吸虫间比与血居科吸虫间具有更相近的亲缘关系;P.sinensis于拟德氏属吸虫进化分支中形成独立一个小分支,说明寄生同一宿主中的拟德氏属吸虫明显比不同宿主中的吸虫间的亲缘关系近。P.sinensis的ITS2 rDNA序列与寄生于同一宿主中的五种拟德氏属吸虫的ITS2 rDNA的相似性只有49.0%～54.2%:结合大亚基与ITS2的研究表明P.sinensis是拟德氏属吸虫中的一个独立的有效虫种。P.sinensis和日本血吸虫(S.japonicum)成虫DNA随机多态性表明:31个随机引物扩增两种成虫获得189条多态性片断,其中22个引物能够对两种成虫扩增出1～5条不等大小相似的条带,表明两种血吸虫之间具有相近的遗传背景。
The disease of Paradeontacylix sinensis infect in Fugus leading to enormous economic losses.So we made a research on the harm and prevalence of the epidemic of P. sinensis from 2005 to 2007.Results showed that the disease of P.sinensis,a serious fish disease,plagued the aquiculture of cultured Fugu,and the most important stages of P. sinensis parasitized fugu were adults and eggs,especially the egges.The disease is once a year,and its prevalence time range was from May to middle September.The fastigium of this disease is between June and August.From the results of the infection rates,death rates and sediment of eggs in viscera and tissues,we can speculate that Fugu can acquire some immunity to resist p.sinensis.
Sequencing partical segements of 18S rDNA,28S rDNA and whole ITS2- rDNA of P.sinensis,and their acception number is EU081899,EU368853 and EU082007 in Genbank respectively.Analysis of 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA show that there are high similarity between Schistosomatidae and Spirorchidae,and there are quite different from Sanguinicolidae.The evolutional distance between P.sinensis and five blood blukes of Paradeontacylix who parasitize the same host is further than them among the fives.So there was more high similarity between trematodes of Paradeontacylix which inhabit in the same host than those in different hosts.Analysis of ITS-2 rDNA between P.sinensis and other five Paradeontacylix species infected the same host,shows that P.sinensis is only 49.0%～54.2%comparability with the other fives.P.sinensis form a branch and other five species form another one in phylogenetic tree.Combine with the analysis of 28S rDNA and ITS-2 rDNA,we can presume that P.sinensis may be an absolute species of Paradeontacylix genus.To study genomic DNA between adults of P.sinensis and S. japonicum using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)markers.189 amplified fragments were generated by RAPD with 31 primers.And 22 primers of them can amplified 1～5 more or less similitude bands from genomic DNA polymorphisms in two adults of P.sinensis and S.japonicum.So the two blood flukes may have consanguineous phylogenetically relation.They may have close genetic background.
引文
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