摘要
针对日光温室黄瓜生产中产量不稳和卫生安全品质难以保证等问题,本研究以北方白黄瓜为试材,采用有色膜或不同透光率膜、LED灯照射、热激胁迫、授粉及水浸等处理黄瓜果实,测定了黄瓜果实大小、果实重量果皮叶绿素含量,同时利用叶绿素成像荧光仪(MINI-IMAGING-PAM)进行黄瓜果实表面叶绿素荧光动力学参数测定,分析探讨了光照、温度等环境因子及授粉等对黄瓜果实表面光系统Ⅱ光能吸收和利用的影响。
1.与黄瓜叶片相比,黄瓜果实表面初始荧光F_o、最大荧光F_m、最大光化学效率F_v/F_m及吸光系数Abs.相应降低了8.81%、17.50%、2.83%和9.97%,但调节性能量耗散量子产量Y(NPQ)上升46.92%,非调节性能量耗散量子产量Y(NO)上升29.12%。棒状类型黄瓜果实与短粗类型相比,其Abs.较低,但光能转化效率高。
2.采用透光率不同的淋膜袋和铝箔袋对黄瓜果实进行套袋处理,淋膜袋处理果实鲜果重显著增加果皮且叶绿素含量差异不显著,铝箔袋处理后果实鲜重增加,但果皮颜色变浅,叶绿素含量显著下降;F_m及F_v/F_m都随透光率的降低而明显降低,与不套袋的对照相比差异达到极显著水平;Y(NPQ)及Y(NO)都随透光程度的降低而升高,而实际量子产量Y(Ⅱ)随透光率的降低而降低。
3.采用红光LED灯,对黄瓜果实进行光强处理,果实表面Abs.随着光照强度的增加而增加;当红光强度为0时,F_v/F_m最高,随光强增加而降低,当光强达到1000μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)时,迅速下降,但当光强达2000μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)后稳定;Y(Ⅱ)在光强为500μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)时最大,而后开始降低,2000μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)后稳定。
4.用蓝、绿、红3种有色膜对日光温室北方白黄瓜果实进行套袋处理,蓝膜和绿膜套袋处理后第6d,黄瓜果实表面PSⅡF_o、F_m、F_v/F_m、Y(Ⅱ)和Y(NPQ)均显著高于红膜和对照;而叶绿素含量、平均光吸收A400-700均显著低于红膜和对照;可是果实光能利用率U以不套袋最高,蓝膜和红膜居中,绿膜最低。
5.热激胁迫处理黄瓜果实发现,从49℃开始果实表面PSⅡF_v/F_m迅速下降,到58℃时降至0.1左右;Y(Ⅱ)比F_v/F_m对高温更敏感,43℃时即开始下降;43~46℃Y(NPQ)升高,Y(NO)变化不明显,当温度上升至46℃以上后,Y(NPQ)迅速降低,接近于零,Y(NO)升高,接近于1。
6.授粉结实黄瓜与未授粉果实表面F_o及F_m差异不显著,F_v/F_m、Y(Ⅱ)及Y(NO)较未授粉果实降低,Y(NPQ)升高。水浸处理使黄瓜果实处于缺氧状态,F_o随着处理时间延长,表现出先降低后升高的趋势;F_m逐渐减小,呈现先快后慢的趋势;处理20h后, F_o和F_m稳定于0.115~0.125和0.180~0.195之间;F_v/F_m随处理时间延长而下降,24h后降低至0.316;在Y(NPQ)在处理初期上升,而后开始下降,后期以Y(NO)升高为主。
7.低温贮藏处理黄瓜果实发现,处理果实与对照相比,F_o与F_m整体呈现下降趋势;144h以前与对照前期差异不大,稳定在0.7~0.8之间;,而后开始下降,312h后降低至0.3以下;处理期间Y(Ⅱ)呈阶梯型下降趋势,Y(NPQ)变化幅度较小,保持在0.1~0.2之间,整体高于对照,而Y(NO)低于对照。
According to the problem of yield flabby in greenhouse cucumber, the effects on photosystemⅡ(PSⅡ)light absorption and utilization of monochromatic plastic film bags, different light transmittance bags, LED lamp, temperature, pollination and water logging on the surface of cucumber fruit were studied on the different process of growth. The fresh weight of fruit and the content of chlorophyll of the surface of fruit were determined, and chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics parameters of cucumber fruit surface were measured by chlorophyll fluorescence spectrometer (MINI-IMAGING- PAM).
1. Compared with blades, the initial fluorescence(F_o), maximal fluorescence(F_m), maximal photochemical (F_v/F_m), and Absorption (Abs.) were reduced at 8.81%,17.50%,2.83% and 9.97% accordingly on the surface of cucumber fruit.But quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation (Y(NPQ)) and quantum yield of uonregulated energy dissipation (Y(NO)) were higher than the blades at 46.92% and 29.12% respectively.The stick type cucumber fruit was lower than short-thick type at Abs.,but higher at light use efficiency of PSⅡ.
2.The white laminating and aluminium foil had different light transmission .The fresh weigh of fruit under white laminating bags was higher than the control,while the content of chlorophyll of surface of cucumber fruit was not significant difference.Undr aluminium foil bags,the fruit weight was heavier than the control,but the content of chlorophyll was obviously reduced.The F_m and F_v/F_m of PSⅡwere droped with the reduction of the rate of light transmission obviously,and be inferior to the control significantly.The Y(NPQ) and Y(NO) raised with the light transimittance,and effective quantum yield(Y(Ⅱ)) was opposited.
3.The red LED lamp was used to handle the cucumber fruit at light intensity. Abs.was increased with light intensity. When light intensity at 0,the F_v/F_m was highest,reduced with light intensity rising until the intensity rised to 1000μmol·m~(-2)·s~(~(-1)),and stability at 2000μmol·m~(-2)·s~(~(-1)).Y(Ⅱ) was highest at 500μmol·m~(-2)·s~(~(-1)),and stability at 2000μmol·m~(-2)·s~(~(-1)).
4.Three monochromatic plastic film bags with different spectra(the maximum absorption peaks in blue area was shorted BPF, or in green was shorted GBF, or red area was shorted RPF) were applied to bag the cucumber fruit, At the sixth days after bagging, the fruit weight under BPF and GPF was higher than RPF and control. F_o, F_m, F_v/F_m, Y(Ⅱ) and Y(NPQ) of PSⅡof cucumber fruit treated with BPF and GPF were higher than other treatments. In contrary, chlorophyll contents and average absorption in the range of effective radiation(400-700nm) A400-700 was significantly higher under BPF and GPF than RPF and control. The efficiency of light energy utilization(UⅡ) of fruit was highest under control, the blue and red were center, and the green was lowest.
5.After high temperature treatmented,the F_v/F_m of PSⅡof cucumber fruit was droped rapidly when the temperature rised to 49℃and droped to 0.1 at 58℃. Y(Ⅱ) was susceptibler than F_v/F_m and droped when the temperature rised to 43℃.When the temperature between 43℃to 46℃,the energy was dissipated by Y(NPQ).After46℃,the Y(NPQ )reduced to zero,and Y(NO) was raised to 1.
6.The F_o and F_m was undifferentiated between the pollination fruit and not,but F_v/F_m and Y(Ⅱ) was higher on the not pollination fruit ,the Y(NPQ) was higher on the pollination fruit. The cucumber fruit was short of oxygen under water logging treatment. F_o with the processing time extend, showed the trend of first decreases increases, F_m was decrease gradually with the trend fast fistly and slow after.After 24 h of submergence F_v/F_m was reduced to 0.316.The energy was dissipated by Y(NPQ) at earlier stage and Y(NO) was elevated at last stage.
7.The F_v/F_m of PSⅡof cucumber fruit was stability in between 0.7 ~ 0.8 in the earlier stage of stroing at low temperature.But F_o and F_m was reducing with the time after treatment.After 144 h,the F_v/F_m was fast setback and reduced to 0.3 at 312h.The Y(Ⅱ) was droped on ladder type,and Y(NPQ) was varies within a small range, between 0.1 to 0.2,but higher than the control.Y(NO)was lower than the control.
引文
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