摘要
凹叶厚朴(Magnolia officinalis subsp. biloba (Rehd. et Wils.) Cheng et Law)属木兰科(Magnoliaceae)木兰属(Magnolia)植物厚朴(Magnolia officinalis Rehd et Wils.)的一个亚种,是我国特有的树种之一,属国家二级保护植物。主产于四川、湖北、湖南、江西、福建、浙江等省。凹叶厚朴自古以来就是常用的中药材,主要功效有燥湿化痰、降气除满的功效。凹叶厚朴不仅具有好的药用价值,而且也一种是优美的园林树种。目前,对凹叶厚朴的扦插繁殖技术及其生根机理的研究鲜有报道。本试验旨在通过对凹叶厚朴扦插繁殖技术及其生根机理的研究,为凹叶厚朴无性快速繁殖探索出一条有效的、可持续发展的途径。试验研究结果如下：
1、扦插基质、生根调节剂类型、生根调节剂浓度、生根调节剂处理时间、插条木质化程度以及插条基部切口类型对生根率和存活率有显著影响。凹叶厚朴扦插的最佳技术组合为：采用半木质化的枝条做插条,下切口单面斜切,用KIBA(1000mg.L-1)浸泡穗条基部30min,用泥炭土、黄沙、珍珠岩按1：1：1混合配制作扦插基质。该组合插后22d,开始生根,90d后生根率达到94.4%。
2、对凹叶厚朴扦插生根过程中可溶性糖、总N、可溶性蛋白研究,结果表明可溶性糖、总N、可溶性蛋白与插条的生根关系密切。KIBA处理可以促进插条体内可溶性糖、总N、可溶性蛋白的变化,从而促进插条生根。
3、插条内过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性与插条生根关系紧密。插条生根过程中,试验组和对照组POD和PPO的活性都呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,试验组两种酶的活性在30d时达到峰值,POD为180u·(g·min)-1,PPO为77u·(g·s)-1,对照组的两种酶活性在40d才达到峰值,POD为177u·(g·min)-1,PPO为73u·(g·s)-1。扦插前期POD活性升高,能降低体内IAA的含量,IAA对根源基的诱导激活有抑制作用,有利于根源基的诱导激活；而PPO活性的升高,有利于催化体内酚类物质与IAA形成一种生根促进物—IAA-酚酸化合物,有利于不定根的形成。扦插后期,活性下降,有利于体内IAA含量的增加,IAA能促进不定根的生长仲长,突破皮层。
4、对插条生根过程的形态解剖研究发现,插条在10d左右皮孔膨大,有少量的愈伤组织产生,22d左右不定根开始突破皮层,30d不定根长度约为0.5-1.0cm,50d不定根长度可达2-3cm,不定根在茎上呈环状、纵向排列。对插条进行解剖学研究,发现凹叶厚朴不定根的发生有两种类型：一种是来自于皮层表面的潜伏型根源基；一种是来自于皮层深处、韧皮部外方的薄壁细胞诱导形成的诱导型根源基。
Magnolia officinalis subsp. biloba is a subsp of Magnolia officinalis Rehd et Wils, it belongs to genus Magnoliaceae, family Magnolia, only growth in China, one of the second-class protected plants, mainly production in the Province of Sichuan,Hubei,Hunan,Jiangxi, Fujian and Zhejiang. Houpoea officinalis used as Chinese herbal medicine long time,which has the function of dry wet and drop air and removing fulfil. Magnolia biloba not only has good medicinal value,but also is one of beautiful garden trees.At present,there is rarely report about Cutting Propagation Techniques and Rooting Mechanism study of the Magnolia biloba.Therefore, the objectives of this study were to explore an effective and sustainable way of fast asexual propagation of the Magnolia biloba. And the study results are as follows:
1There is significant influence of the rooting rate and survival rate through the difference of the cuttings, the types of rooting regulators,the rooting hormone concentration,time of the treatment of rooting regulators,the degree of cuttings lignification and the incision type of the basal of cuttings.The best cutting technology of the Magnolia biloba is as follows:take semi lignified branch as cuttings, then oblique single incision under,and immerse scion base30min by KIBA (1000mg·L-1). according to1:1:lratio of column, use peat soil, sand, perlite, mixing as cuttings matrix. After22days cuttings, the semi lignified branch start to take root. The rooting rate reaches94.4%after90days.
2The results showed that cuttings rooting has closely related of soluble sugar, soluble protein, total N in cuttings, by study on the cuttings rooting soluble sugar, soluble protein, total N of the Magnolia biloba. The treatment of KIBA could promote the conversion of cuttings soluble sugar, soluble protein and total N in vivo, thus prove the rooting of cuttings.
3There is close relationship between the activity of (POD) and (PPO) of cuttings and the rooting of cuttings. The activity of POD and PPO were increased firstly and then decreased of the treatment group and the control group.The activity of POD and PPO come to its maximum at30days of the treatment group, POD is180u-(g-min)-1, PPO is77u·(g·s)-1, the activity of POD and PPO come to its maximum at40days of the control group,POD is177u·(g·min)01,PPO is73u·(g·s)-1.Because the increasing of POD activity in early can reduce the content of IAA in vivo.IAA can inhibit the induced activation of root radicals.The increasing of PPO activity can effect the catalysis phenol in vivo with IAA synthesis a kind of rooting-IAA phenolic acid compounds,which are good for the formation of the adventitious root.Cutting late, the activity of POD is declined,which facilitates the increasing of IAA in vivo.IAA can promote the growth of adventitious root elongation and break through the cortex.
4The study showed that the cuttings,cortex begun dilated in10days and adventitious root begun to breakthrough cortex in22days,the adventitious root had grown to0.5~1.0cm long in30days,it reach to2~3cm long in50days and is arranged annular or longitudinally in the stem.The study showed that the adventitious root of the Magnolia biloba revealed two type by study the Anatomy of the cuttings:One,the adventitious root from latent roots based in the cortical parenchyma cells;Orther,the adventitious root from induced roots based on induced formation with the cortex depths and the phloem outer parenchyma cells.
引文
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