摘要
临近空间飞行器能快速飞行在敌方战区上空且不易被防空监视系统发现,具有广阔的应用前景与军事价值,很多国家都在积极开展临近空间飞行器技术与应用研究。因此对临近空间飞行器拦截弹的研究也就显得尤为重要,有必要对临近空间飞行器及其拦截弹的一些弹道特性进行仿真研究。
本文给出了国内外临近空间飞行器及其拦截弹的一些最新进展和研究方向。以“白杨-M”导弹作为典型的临近空间飞行器进行研究,在适当简化与假设的基础上,建立了目标导弹及其拦截弹的数学模型。考虑到目标的机动飞行,给出了目标做正弦机动和做螺旋机动两种机动弹道的生成方法。通过建立的数学模型对目标导弹进行了弹道特性分析,分别对其做无机动、正弦机动、螺旋机动进行了仿真研究。采用扩展卡尔曼滤波理论建立了目标弹道跟踪滤波模型,给出了目标跟踪误差曲线。对目标导弹采用高抛弹道进行拦截,通过对预测目标点、虚拟目标速度、虚拟目标初始位置的计算,给出了一种基于虚拟目标制导的中制导方法,产生了实际需要的高抛弹道。在上述工作的基础上,通过基于虚拟目标制导的方法,对目标导弹在无机动、正弦机动、螺旋机动三种情况下进行拦截仿真研究,分析了拦截导弹的弹道特性。
Near Spacecraft can pass over the enemy's airspace quickly, and avoid been found by air defense monitoring system, has broad application prospects and the military value, many countries has began the research on near spacecraft technology. So it’s important to have the research on the interception missile for the near spacecraft, it’s necessary to have a simulation research on the ballistic characteristics about the near spacecraft and the interception missile.
This paper has showed some latest developments and research direction about the near spacecraft and the interception missile. Choose the typical near spacecraft White Poplar-M missile as the research object to research. Based on some appropriate simplify and hypothesis, build the math model about the target missile and the interception missile. Consider the maneuver flight of the target, showed the maneuver trajectory generation methods when the target make the sinusoidal maneuver and spiral maneuver. Analyze the ballistic characteristics of the target missile by building math model, make the simulation research on the without maneuver, the sinusoidal maneuver and the spiral maneuver target missile separately. Build the target trajectory tracking filter model with the Extend Kalman Filter (EKF) theory, observe the target tracking error with simulation. Intercept on the target missile with high parabolic ballistic trajectory, calculate the virtual target velocity, the virtual target initial position and the forecast target points, showed a middle guidance method based on the virtual target, gave a high parabolic ballistic trajectory to meet the actual needs. Based on these study, with the guidance method based on the virtual target, simulation research on the intercept to the target without maneuver, sinusoidal maneuver and spiral maneuver separately, analyze the ballistic characteristics about the interception missile
引文
1黄伟,陈逖,罗世彬,王振国.临近空间飞行器研究现状分析.飞航导弹,2007,(10):28 ~31
2李怡勇,李智,沈怀荣.临近空间飞行器发展与应用分析.装备指挥技术学院学报,2008,(4): 61~65
3曹秀云.临近空间飞行器成为各国近期研究的热点[J].中国航天,2006(6):32~35
4王献锋,李为民.战术弹道导弹弹道和落点预报探讨[J].空军工程大学学报,2002,(5):65~67
5石艳霞.“白杨”M对付反导弹防御系统的技术特点分析.中国航天,2002, (12):39~40
6 Nike-Zeus TIC Equations,Bell Telephone Laboratories
7陈红波,杨涤.升力式再入飞行器离轨制动研究.飞行力学,2006(2): 35~39
8 Richie G. The Common Aero Vehicle: Space Delivery System of the Future [ A ]. AIAA Space Technology Conference and Exposition[C]. Albuquerque, 1999. 1~11
9 Pournelle P T. Component Based Simulation of the Space Operations Vehicle and the Common Aero Vehicle[D]. Naval Postgraduate School, United States Navy, Monterey, CA,1999. 7~8
10 Suborbital reusable launch vehicles and emerging markets[R].USA:Federal Aviation Administration Office of Commercial Space Transporta- tion,2005:17~27
11尹志忠,李强.临近空间飞行器及其军事应用分析[J].装备指挥技术学院学报, 2006,17(5):64~68
12高建力.高超声速飞行器气动特性估算与分析.西北工业大学硕士论文,2007年3月.
13刘桐林.美国超-X计划与X-43试飞器.飞航导弹,2002,(5):8~14
14袁泉.拦截弹的导引规律与仿真.国防科学技术大学硕士论文,2006年11月
15世界导弹大全.军事科学出版社,1998,(5),709~774
16吴启星,李晓斌,张为华.基于可信性理论的标准-3拦截弹末段修正能力分析.国防科技大学学报,2007,(4):37~38
17齐艳丽.美国海基中段防御系统.导弹与航天运载技术, 2005(3): 56~61
18钟建亚. 2004年导弹防御最新进展.中国航天,2005,(4): 37~40
19许征.末段高空区域防御(THAAD)系统研发情况.地面防空武器,2006,(2):23~27
20陈有伟,韩俊杰.始终处于大气层内飞行的TBM被动段弹道预测.现代防御技术,2007,(2):18~22
21 Eric R Toomey. Technical feasibility of loitering lighter-than-air near-space maneuvering vehicles. Air Force In-statute of Technology, 200
22 WegerifD, RosinskiD and PartonW. Whole arm proximity control system for articulated robots working near space vehicles and flight hardware. AIAA 93~4158
23张纯学.美日合作研制的标准-3导弹系统.飞航导弹,2007,(4):1~5
24 James Dowling, Mecheal Dillow, Henry Sebeta. A balloon payload for precision scoring of ground and airborne laser systems. AIAA 97~31243.
25 AJ.Roeh,Missile integrated design analysis system.AIAA.8l~0285
26 Y.C.Ho,A.E.Bryson,S.Baron,Differential Games and Optional Pursuit-EvasionStrategies, IEEE.Trans.Automat.Coutr,Vol.AC-10,pp.385~389,October 1965
27 US and Japan Test SM-3 Nosecone. Jane’sMissiles & Rockets, 2006(5): 3
28 Raytheon Nears SM-3 BlockⅡA Development. Jane’s Missiles& Rockets, 2006(6): 7
29 Guide to the Strategie Defense Initiative,P.193~196 93/94
30 Messac A. Physical programming: effective optimization for computational design[J]. AIAA Journal, 1996, 34(1): 149~158
31张昕,孙协胜.空天一体化:未来空中力量发展趋势[J].航空科学技术,2005(1):33~35
32 STEPHENS H. Near space [J].Air Force Magazine,2005,88(7): 31
33 Edward B Tommie. The Paradigm Shift to Effects-Based Space Near-Space as a Combat Space Effects Enabler. ADA 434352, 2005, 1
34钱杏芳.导弹飞行力学.北京理工大学出版社.2006: 28~48.
35赵敏.机动目标跟踪理论的研究及其应用.西北工业大学硕士论文,2006年3月
36 Moose R L,An adaptive state estimation solution to the maneuvering target problem,IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control,1975,20(6):359~362
37 Y. Bar-Shalom,T. E. Fortman,Tracking and Data Association,New York:Academia,1998
38沈莹.机动目标跟踪算法与应用研究.西北工业大学硕士论文,2007年3月
39 Y. Bar-Shalom,X. Rong Li,Estimation with Application to Tracking and Navigation,New York:Wiley Interscience,2001
40张弫,郑时镜,于本水.远程防空导弹弹道设计技术研究.系统工程与电子技术,2003(3):304~307
41张弫.远程反空气动力目标拦截器推进和弹道问题优化研究.航天二院博士论文,2002年1月
42 Bryson, A.E and Ho. Optimal control,Blasdell, Waltham, MA,1969
