摘要
超高压变质作用是国际地学界研究的前缘,深俯冲板片属性的确定则是探索其形成动力学机制的核心问题之一。本文选择新近发现和确定的阿尔金超高岩带中的榴辉岩及其围岩为重点研究对象,通过野外地质、地球化学、锆石成因矿物学与年代学研究,以及与区内其它类型超高压岩石和柴北缘榴辉岩的对比,取得了如下主要成果:
1.基本查明了沿阿尔金江尕勒萨依南北向剖面上榴辉岩的空间分布、岩石组合类型及其相互之间的野外地质关系,确定榴辉岩的直接围岩有花岗质片麻岩、(含)石榴子石黑云母片麻岩和大理岩。
2.比较系统地对阿尔金榴辉岩及其直接围岩进行了元素和同位素地球化学研究,确定榴辉岩的原岩性质可能为OIB或E-MORB,其原岩来自亏损地幔源区,有富集地幔的混入,εNd均为正值,具有洋壳性质:而其围岩为一套具陆缘性质的岩石组合。
3.新获得阿尔金超高压榴辉岩及其围岩石榴石黑云母片麻岩的变质年龄分别为484±6Ma和499±27Ma,获得英格利萨依超高压含钾长石榴辉石岩的变质年龄为488.7±8.3Ma,不仅证明区内超高压榴辉岩与其围岩同时经历了(超高压?)变质作用,而且进一步证明区内东西向不同区段超高压岩石的变质时代是一致的,因此,它们共同构成同一条超高压岩带或岩片。
4.依据榴辉岩及其直接围岩的原岩属性、榴辉岩原岩形成时代的下限值(>580Ma)、榴辉岩与其围岩变质年龄的一致性,并结合其围岩泥质片岩中曾存在斯石英的发现,综合分析提出阿尔金超高压榴辉岩的形成是先期就位于陆壳之中的古洋壳后来随陆壳一起发生深俯冲作用的产物。
5.基于阿尔金与柴北缘两地榴辉岩原岩属性及其变质时代的对比分析,初步认为柴北缘高压—超高压变质岩石的形成用多板片的俯冲折返模式来解释是一种可行合理的选项,而阿尔金高压-超高压岩带可能只是柴北缘锡铁山高压-超高压岩片的西沿。
The ultrahigh pressure metamorphism (UHPM) have been initially treated as a petrographic oddity by the geologic community, otherwise, they have now recognized as a normal feature of continental plate collisional orogen and important to understand how deep the upper part of the continental lithosphere can be subducted. Taken the eclogite developed in the Altyn Tagh UHPM belts and their wall rocks as objects, the purpose in this study is to present the fresh conclusions listed below on the basis of the geological field work, geochemistry, zircon genesis mineralogy and chronology in the study area. In addition, the comparison has been done for the other UHP rocks and eclogite from the North Qaidam.The eclogite distribution, assemblage and their field relationship geologically had been determined, and their wall rocks are composed mainly of granitoid gneisses, garnet-bearing biotite gneisses and marble.The isotopic and geochemical characteristics of the eclogite and their wall rocks in the Altyn Tagh suggests that the primary rocks of the eclogite could be OIB or E-MORB with positive ε_(Nd) values, implying the magmas derived from a depleted mantle source, also indicate an important contribution of EM components. Whereas, the wall rocks are characterized by a closely affinity to the rocks formed in the continental margin setting.The new zircon dating yields 484±6Ma for the UHP eclogites and 499±27Ma for biotite-gneiss in the Altyn Tagh, respectively, which not only imply the UHP eclogite and their wall rock had undergone the ultrahigh pressure Metamorphism simultaneously, but also indicate the UHP rocks was formed in the east and west region in the study area, constructing a typical UHP belts.On the basis the discovery of stipoverite in the argillaceous schist, the primary features of eclogite and the consistent age between the UHP eclogite and their wall rocks, this paper proposals that the UHP eclogite in the Altyn Tagh is the production of the continental lithosphere deep subduction accompanied by the old oceanic crust, which had uplifted to the crust formerly.By the analysis of the primary rocks and metamorphic age in the Altyn Tagh and North Qaidam, the UHP eclogites in the North Qaidam area were derived from the continental slab subduction, and then back up to the surface. Whereas, the UHP eclogites belts in the Altyn Tagh may be the part of Xitieshan UHP rock as a result of the west extending of the North Qaidam UHP belts.
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