摘要
在许多领域要求硅橡胶具有阻燃性能,而硅橡胶本身是具有可燃性的,因此需要对其进行改性。
本文首先研究了硅橡胶(Q)／常规阻燃剂复合材料的阻燃性能、力学性能和微观结构,得到了水合化合物与金属氧化物之间存在阻燃协同效应。发现氢氧化镁(Mg(OH)2)单独添加于硅橡胶中的阻燃效果要好过于氢氧化铝(Al(OH)3),但是Mg(OH)2与硅橡胶的相容性比Al(OH)3与硅橡胶的相容性要差；单独添加三氧化二铁(Fe203)或者三氧化二铝(Al2O3)的阻燃复合材料在垂直燃烧试验中都不能进行分级。Al(OH)3与Fe2O3的阻燃协同效应要比Al(OH)3与Mg(OH)2协同效应更好。当Al(OH)3为100份,Fe2O3为50份复合材料的垂直燃烧级别可达到FV-0级别。
其次研究了分别采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和磷酸三丁酯作为插层剂改性的有机蒙脱土(OMMT)的阻燃效果及抑制熔滴物产生的效果,发现单独添加OMMT的阻燃复合材料都有抑制熔滴物产生,减少烟和灰尘生成的作用,但是不具备阻燃的效果；将OMMT与100份Al(OH)3和40份Fe203进行复配,发现只需添加3份的有机蒙脱土一(OMMT-1)或5份有机蒙脱土二(OMMT-2)即可达到垂直燃烧FV-0级别；热重分析发现,OMMT的热稳定性能要好过于蒙脱土原土,OMMT-1的又比OMMT-2的要好。
第三研究发现稀土氧化物并没有抑制熔滴物产生的效果,不能减小烟和灰尘的生成,更没有阻燃的效果。通过对比空白实验组(只添加少量的填料,没有添加任何的阻燃剂)和添加少量的稀土氧化物,发现稀土氧化物有提高材料的热稳定性功能；稀土氧化物与Al(OH)3和Fe203之间存在阻燃协同效应,将稀土氧化物与100份Al(OH)3和40份Fe2O3进行复配时,只需要添加0.8份的稀土氧化物即可以达到垂直燃烧FV-0级别。
In many fields, silicone rubber is called for flame retardant property, but in fact it is flammable, so it is necessary to be modified.
In this thesis, the flame retardant properties, mechanical properties and microscopic structure of silicone rubber (Q)/conventional flame retardants composites were studied. The results show that flame-retardant synergistic effect between hydrated compounds and metallic oxides. The composites containing magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) alone show better flame retardant effect than aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)3), but the compatibility between Mg(OH)2 and silicone rubber is worse than Al(OH)3. The composites containing iron trioxide (Fe2O3) or aluminium (Al2O3) alone cann't be classified in vertical burning test. Flame-retardant synergistic effect between Al(OH)3 and Fe2O3 is better than Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2. The composites containing 100 quotas Al(OH)3 and 50 quotas Fe2O3 reach FV-0 degree in vertical burning test.
Furtherly, the flame-retardant effect and droplet material inhibiting ability of OMMTs, which have been modified by intercalators cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and tributyl phosphate respectively, were studied. The results show that the composites containing OMMT alone can both inhibbit droplet material, decrease smoke and dust, but aren't flame-retardant. The results also show that the composites containing 100 quotas Al(OH)3,40 quotas Fe2O3 and 3 quotas OMMT-1 or 5 quotas OMMT2 can reach FV-0 degree in vertical burning test. Thermal gravimetric analysises (TGA) show that, thermal stability of OMMTs is better than MMT's, and OMMT-1's is better than OMMT-2's.
Thirdly, the results show that lanthanon oxide cann't inhibbit droplet material, decrease smoke and dust, not to mention it is flame-retardant. Lanthanon oxide can enhance thermal stability by comparing blank test (the composites containing small amount of packing material, not any flame retardant) and composites containing small amount of lanthanon oxide. The composites containing lanthanon oxide, Al(OH)3 and Fe2O3 show flame-retardant synergistic effect. The composites combining 100 quotas Al(OH)3,40 quotas Fe2O3 and 0.8 quotas lanthanon oxide can reach FV-0 degree in vertical burning test.
引文
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