摘要
经济规模、经济结构及科学技术水平等是决定环境质量的主要因素,引进外商直接投资会刺激经济增长,促进经济规模的扩大和产业结构的变动,通过投资规模和投资结构对投资所在地区的生态环境质量产生一定的影响作用。本文主要探讨外商直接投资与河北省生态环境的关系,深入分析了河北省利用FDI规模、产业分布、行业分布、地域分布对生态环境产生的现实性影响;利用河北省1984～2006年的工业“三废”排放量(工业固体废物选用产生量)和实际外商直接投资额,进行了格兰杰因果关系的检验,结果表明外商直接投资是造成河北省污染加剧的格兰杰原因;通过构建计量经济模型进行回归分析得出河北省实际外商直接投资与工业废水排放量和工业固体废物产生量都呈现“U型”曲线关系,而与工业废气排放量则呈近似“N型”曲线的关系,表明随着外商直接投资的不断增加河北省仍将处于工业污染水平不断上升的阶段。利用外商直接投资是加剧河北省生态环境恶化的因素之一,由此可能会影响河北省生态文明建设的实现进程。我们应该正确审视FDI对环境造成的实际影响,调整外商直接投资的结构,促进节约能源资源和保护生态环境的产业结构的形成,改善生态环境质量,以利于河北省生态环境的可持续发展。所以,本文最后在生态文明视角下分析了河北省利用FDI进行结构调整的必要性,并提出了引导外商直接投资更多流向农业、服务业、高新技术产业和环保产业;促进环境友好型技术的引进;加强环境规制,完善环境标准,充分发挥外商直接投资的环境正面影响;加大执法力度,加强环境保护监管:构建循环型经济社会运行体系等相关的政策建议,促使外商直接投资要有利于河北省的生态环境保护与建设。
Economic size, the economic structure and level of science and technology are the main factors to determine environmental quality. The introduction of foreign direct investment will stimulate economic growth, promote the expansion of the scale of economic and changes in the industrial structure, which will impact the local ecological environment to some extent through the scale of investment and the industrial structure. This paper mainly discusses the relationship between foreign direct investment and the ecological environment in Hebei Province, further analyzes the reality of the impact of FDI scale, industrial distribution, distribution of industries, geographical distribution to the ecological environment; makes the Granger causality test by using of the industrial "three wastes" emissions (selecting the production of industrial solid waste ) and the actual amount of foreign direct investment in Hebei Province from 1984 to 2006 which shows that foreign direct investment is the granger reasons of increased pollution in Hebei Province; constructs an econometric model which shows that actual foreign direct investment in Hebei Province and industrial waste water emissions and industrial solid wastes produced "U" curve, with industrial emissions are similar to a "N" Curve , and industrial pollution in Hebei Province is still in the rising level of the stage with the incease of foreign direct investment. Foreign direct investment aggravated the deterioration of ecological environment in Hebei Province, which may affect the ecological civilization construction in Hebei Province. We should look at he practical effect of FDI on the environment, adjust the structure, of foreign direct investment, promote the formation of the industrial structure and protect the ecological environment of the industrial structure, improve the ecological quality of the environment to facilitate the sustainable development of the ecological environment in Hebei Province. Therefore, the paper finally analyzes the need for restructuring of the use of FDI in Hebei Province in the perspective of the ecological civilization , and makes a guide for more foreign direct investment flowing to agriculture、services、high-tech industries and environmental protection industries , promoting the introduction of environment-friendly technology, strengthening environmental regulations, improving environmental standards and making full play to positive impact on the environment; increasing the intensity of law enforcement and strengthening environmental protection supervision, constructing the social system of recycle economy, and other relevant policy recommendations to promote foreign direct investment which should be beneficial to the protection and construction of the ecological environment in Hebei Province.
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