大熊猫生境质量评价体系研究
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摘要
挽救野生濒危动植物,保护生物多样性,已经成为世界各国共同关注的课题。我国在挽救和保护大熊猫方面开展了一系列研究,一个共识是:保护大熊猫必须从保护和优化它们的生存环境开始。为此,围绕大熊猫生境的保护进行了众多的研究和实践,不同目的、不同角度得出了一个共同的结论:分析评价大熊猫生境状态是保护与发展大熊猫及其生境的基础。在已有成果基础上,通过系统的综合,把实践提升为具有普遍指导意义的理论、方法和技术,是当前大熊猫及其生境保护中必须研究的课题。据此,本学位论文确定以大熊猫生境质量评价体系为内容,开展了一系列的研究和实践,取得了相应结果,在本文中主要提炼总结了以下几方面的内容:
     在综合分析大熊猫及其生境的保护研究和实践的现状,以及有关理论、方法、技术研究和实践中的成果和存在问题基础上,提出生境质量评价是当前大熊猫保护与发展中急需解决的重要课题,而大熊猫生境质量评价的理论和方法需要通过系统实现,从而确立以此为本研究主要内容,综合、系统地探讨大熊猫生境质量评价体系,为大熊猫及其生境的保护提供可操作的技术支持,对于提高我国大熊猫等生物多样性保护具有重要的意义。
     对大熊猫及其生境状态进行了深入分析,重点分析了大熊猫生境的内涵、结构划分、结构与功能的关系、大熊猫对生境的选择和利用、自然条件与人类活动对生境形成和发展的影响,并以大熊猫分布现状进行论证,最终落实到大熊猫及其生境的管理。提出保护生境必须通过人类的积极活动——管理,提高大熊猫生境质量,保护生物多样性,推动可持续发展。
     为了进一步探索生境质量状态,论文论述了大熊猫生境空间结构形成的机理、分析方法和技术。根据大熊猫生境的空间性,在提出空间结构是反映生境质量的关键的基础上,重点分析了气候、地貌、地势、植被、人类活动对空间结构的影响,提出了大熊猫生境点、线、面结构的形成、它们的组合模式和表现形式,评述了空间结构特点,以及空间结构基本分析方法和技术。在以上基础上,论文进一步分析和确认了自然环境中影响大熊猫生境质量的自然环境因子(包括非生物环境因子和生物环境因子)和社会环境中影响大熊猫生境质量的社会环境因子(包括社会经济状况因子和人类干扰因子)。
     在论述了大熊猫生境质量评价指标体系的特性、评价指标选取的原则、指标体系的形成和评价体系构建步骤和方法后,具体构建了大熊猫生境质量评价体系,体现了本研究的成果和可操作的技术系统。
     在验证大熊猫生境质量评价体系的科学性和可操作性时,以四川小寨子沟自然保护区为例进行生境质量评价,从研究结果来看,大熊猫生境质量评价体系具有很强的科学性和可操作性,有很强的现实意义。
     论文对栖息地和生境、大熊猫生境的空间性、空间结构的概念和内涵进行了进一步界定,提出了大熊猫生境的空间结构和空间分析的内容、程序;大熊猫生境质量评价指标体系和保护区大熊猫生境质量评价指标体系;大熊猫生境质量评价体系和流程。使得对庞大复杂的大熊猫生境质量进行动态分析和综合评价成为可能,为科学管理提供了技术支持,反映了现代管理发展趋势,有较好的实际指导意义。同时提出本论文的生境质量评价体系还是一个雏形,在动态综合评价、稳定指标与不稳定指标评价、频率因子和多种生境因素间的交互作用等方面有待深入、完善。
Saving propagation which is in severe danger and protecting biodiversity are attention problem in the world. A series of studies have been developed on saving and protecting Giant Panda in China, and a common knowledge is: protecting Giant Panda must be begun from protecting and optimized their survival environment. So the analysis of Giant Panda habitat is the base on protecting and developing Giant Panda and their habitat. The study abstracts the main contents are:
     On the basis of the analysis on Giant Panda habitat's research and practice situation, the theories and methods and the existing problems, the knowledge is put forward that the quality evaluation of Giant Panda habitat is an importance and emergency task. So the study on quality evaluation system of Giant Panda habitat is promoted, and the study is vital significance on advancing biodiversity protection.
     On the basis of the analysis on Giant Panda habitat's state, meaning, structure, the relation between structure and function, the habitat's selection and utilization on Giant Panda, and the human being activity's impact on Giant Panda habitat, the knowledge is put forward that improving the quality of Giant Panda habitat is needed for protection habitat and biodiversity with human being's best activities.
     By way of exploring habitat quality, the habitat extensity, spatial structure characteristic, structure factors, factor combination modes and exhibition forms, and the analysis methods and techniques of habitat spatial structure are analysed, summarize and advanced.
     In brief, the factors on quality evaluation of Giant Panda habitat are two parts. One is nature environment factors(non-biology environment factors and biology environment factors are included), the other is social environment factors(social economic factors and human being activity factors are included).
     Based the analysis of index system'characteristics, the principles of index selection, the methods and progresses of index system'construction, the quality evaluation system of Giant Panda habitat is established.
     In order to confirm this system, the Sichuan Xiaozhaizigou Nature Reaerve is evaluated on habitat quality as a case. The conclusion is "the quality evaluation system of Giant Panda habitat is scientific, maneuverable and significant. Characteristics.
     In brief, the habitat, habita spatial characteristic and spatial structure on Giant Panda are defined in the paper, spatial structure and spatial analysis's content and progress, the quality evaluation indexs system of Giant Panda habitat in China and in reserve, and the development and integration's quality evaluation system and progress of Giant Panda habitat are put forward.. So the huge and complicated quality evaluation system of Giant Panda habitat is possible. There are much affection, significance and harvest in the study on the quality evaluation system of Giant Panda habitat. Also the quality evaluation system of Giant Panda habitat is only a rudiment, many studies should be gone deep into on this field.
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