摘要
在冷战后国际共产主义运动遇到严重挫折的情况下,尼泊尔联合共产党(毛派)(本文以下简称尼共(毛派))取得了尼泊尔民主革命的胜利、推翻了长达240多年的封建君主专制的统治,在世界之脊建立了尼泊尔联邦民主共和国。这是几个世纪以来,尼泊尔人民所取得的最伟大的历史性进步,也为社会主义革命探索出了一条崭新的模式,更是对社会主义革命路径传统依赖的一种超越,其意义和贡献是巨大的。但是,国内外学界对于尼共(毛派)的学术研究目前还处于相对滞后的状态。对尼共(毛派)的崛起心存猜想和疑虑:尼共(毛派)的崛起与国际环境之间是否存在内在的逻辑关联,印度因素是怎样影响尼泊尔国内政治变迁的?分析尼泊尔国内政治变迁的深层原因,厘清印度因素对尼共(毛派)崛起之影响,不但具有现实意义还具有学术价值。
本项研究尝试从印度因素的视角来对尼共(毛派)崛起这一现象给出合理的解释。关于尼泊尔国内政治变迁受到印度因素影响方面的研究,目前国内学术界鲜有论述;关于印度因素对尼泊尔政局的影响,国外学术界的观点散见在他们的论著当中。基于地缘政治的视角,在全球化的语境下没有哪一个国家的国内政治社会变迁能免受国际因素的影响。回归尼泊尔历史的现场,发现其国内政局的动荡、尼共(毛派)之崛起,都深受印度因素的影响,只是以往传统的研究主要侧重于国内政治动力学方面,而对于国际因素影响的研究被忽略了,在此方面没有引起足够的学术关注。本项研究努力从“印度因素”的视角对该论题作出学术回应。
本文将“印度因素”作为核心概念来凸显本文的研究意象,并把印度因素分解为印度共产党、尼籍印度移民、南亚地缘政治环境、印度政府等要素,从多个维度对本文的论题进行了解析。研究表明:印度共产党的发展对于尼泊尔共产党的产生和发展有着直接和深刻的影响,印度共产党是尼共(毛派)崛起的历史源头,尼籍印度移民为尼共(毛派)的崛起提供了丰富的人脉资源、经济支持,为尼共(毛派)开辟了一个新的域外“政治战场”;南亚国际共运和印度的民族独立运动对尼共(毛派)的崛起也产生了历史性的影响,为尼共(毛派)开辟政治新局提供了地缘性的政治背景;印度政府因素是尼共(毛派)崛起过程中的一个核心影响变量,印度政府对尼共(毛派)所采取的打压政策产生了意想不到的“反向作用”——它激发了尼泊尔民众反印的民族主义情绪,反而使尼共(毛派)获得了更多道义上的同情,进而扩大了尼共(毛派)的社会基础和政治成果。
尼共(毛派)作为尼泊尔政坛的一个“新入局者”,以武力起家,通过“投票箱”取得了国家执政权,为南亚政局注入了新的元素和动力,成为了影响尼泊尔政局走向的一支主导性政治力量。对于尼共(毛派)崛起之印度因素的研究,有助于超越“在场”观察视野的局限,在更大范围和深度上思考其对尼印中三边关系带来的“不在场”影响,以此关照中国的西部战略安全,可以为中国南亚战略和对外政策提供有益的借鉴。
In a difficult background where the International Communist Movement underwent a sharpdownturn after the Cold War, the UCPN (Maoist) still won the victory in Nepal democraticrevolution by overturning the feudal dictatorship and establishing the Federal DemocraticRepublic of Nepal at the roof of the world. The UCPN (Maoist) made an unprecedentedachievement in Nepali history, developed a different approach for socialist revolution, created anew form for the International Communist Movement,and surmounted the dependence on thetraditional socialism revolution paths. However, the UCPN(Maoist) has not been sufficientlyinvestigated in academic community despite its remarkable significance in Nepali history. Theissues and hypotheses still remained unresolved regarding to whether the success of the UCPN(Maoist) was associated with its international context and how Indian factors affected thedomestic political affairs of Nepal. Therefore, it has great practical significance and academicvalue to study the deep rooted causes for the Nepali political evolution and to clarify the IndianFactors in the rising of the UCPN(Maosit).
This study attempted to investigate the UCPN (Maoist) from the perspective of the IndiaFactors. The Indian influence on Nepali political situation has not been sufficiently attended to inChina. The oversea scholars did not specifically investigate the Indian Factors’ influence onNepali political status, with only a few implicit statements in their works. International factorsare often neglected in the current study of international relations. However, based on the basicprinciples of international relations, it is self-evident that in a globalized background, it isimpossible to study a nation’s political status without taking into consideration of internationalfactors. Nepal is a case in point. The international factors exerted considerable influence on itspolitical turbulence and the rising of the UCPN(Maoist), with Indian factors in particular due togeopolitical influence. However, the past investigations focused more on the internal causesrather than international factors. Hence, this study attempted to probe into the Indian factors inthe rising of the UCPN(Maoist),as an academic respond to this topic.
As a core concept for this study, the influence of India was further decomposed into thefollowing five factors: the Communist Party of India, Nepal Indian immigrants, the South Asiangeopolitical context, and the Indian government. This study identified that, as the origin of theUCPN (Maoist), the CPI exerted direct and far-reaching effect on the birth and development ofthe UCPN (Maoist). Nepal Indians provided broad social relationships and financial support,opening a new political battlefield. As the direct causes, the International Communist Movementin South Asia and the National Independent Movement of India provided favorable geopoliticalcontext for the infant UCPN (Maoist) and produced historic effects on its rise. The Indiangovernment, a core variable in the growth of the UCPN (Maoist), once adopted suppressivepolicies, but created an opposite acting force in the end. Far from inhibiting the UCPN (Maoist) development, those policies yielded reverse result, igniting a wide spread resistance to Indiaamong Nepali people,giving the moral support to the UCPN(Maosit) and enhancing the UCPN’s(Maoist) political and social basis.
As a newcomer in the Nepali political field, though growing and thriving with force, theUCPN(Maoist) won the power through ‘ballot box’and brought new vigor to the political fieldin South Asia. The investigation on its rise would help us transcend the vision of presence toprobe into the effect of trilateral relationship among Nepal, India and China in a larger scale.Meanwhile, this study would also attribute to issues on how to protect China’s core strategicbenefits in its absence and to the formulation of China’s diplomatic policy to South Asiancountries.
引文
1参见张云雷:《权力、道德与永久和平——汉斯·摩根索国际政治思想再阐释》,《世界政治与经济》,2012年第2期,第26-29页。
2[美]汉斯.摩根索著、[美]肯尼森.汤普森、戴维.克林顿修订、徐昕、郝望、李保平译:《国家间政治:权力斗争与和平》(第七版),北京:北京大学出版社,2006年11月,第9页。
3笔者注:尼共(毛派)发动了长达十年的“人民战争”(1996-2006年),2006年底尼共(毛派)与尼泊尔政府签署和平协议,2007年尼共(毛派)同意参与议会政治,加入尼泊尔临时政府,成为了一个合法的政党。2008年尼共(毛派)成功获得议会选举的胜利。面对这种情况,印度政府也不得不承认尼共(毛派)的合法存在,显得十分无可奈何。但是通过分析,笔者认为印度政府对尼共(毛派)的打击和敌视的态度并没有发生根本性的改变,印度政府对尼共(毛派)的抵触心理依然存在。
4聂运麟:《尼泊尔共产党(毛泽东主义)领导民主革命胜利发展的原因及意义》,《社会主义研究》,2009年第2期,第16页。
5Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.p.72.
6Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.11.
7笔者注:2008年8月15日,尼共(毛派)通过议会选举成功执政,这是尼共(毛派)崛起的重要标志性事件之一,从此掀开了尼泊尔新的历史纪元。
8参见汪亭友、张培、段玉:《马拉松式的尼泊尔总理选举——兼析统一尼共(毛)领导人落选的原因》,《科学社会主义》,2011年第5期,第143页,
9徐扬:《尼泊尔共产主义运动的发展及其特点》,《当代世界社会主义问题》,2008年第3期,第47页。
10杨柳、尹青:《从武装革命到议会斗争—尼共(毛)上台执政的历史条件》,《科教文汇》,2009年第1期,第244页。
11章端:《尼泊尔与印度的关系》,《法制与社会》,2008年第11期,第194页。
12徐扬:《尼泊尔革命及相关思考》,《现代国际关系》,2008年第12期,第20页。
13参见汪亭友:《从武装斗争走向议会道路的尼泊尔共产党(毛主义者)》,《“当代世界社会主义前沿和热点问题”学术研讨会暨2007年当代世界社会主义专业委员会年会论文集》(2007年),第250页。
14参见聂运麟:《尼泊尔共产党(毛泽东主义)领导民主革命胜利发展的原因及意义》,《社会主义研究》,2009年第2期,第18页。
15参见汪亭友:《从武装斗争走向议会道路的尼泊尔共产党(毛主义者)》,《武汉科技大学学报(社会科学版)》,2011年第2期,第248页。
16尼共主席:《我想正式访问第一个国家是中国》.http://news.hsw.cn/system/2007/02/15/005109455.shtml.
17汪亭友:《独树一帜的尼泊尔共产党(毛主义者)——从武装斗争到议会道路》,《世界政党》,2009年第2期,第
49页。
18汪亭友:《独树一帜的尼泊尔共产党(毛主义者)——从武装斗争到议会道路》,《世界政党》,2009年第2期,第
49页。
19参见陆轶之:《试论尼共(毛)民主革命理论与实践》,《武汉科技大学学报(社会科学版)》,2011年4月,第179页。
20陆轶之:《试论尼共(毛)民主革命理论与实践》,《武汉科技大学学报(社会科学版)》,2011年4月,第179页。
21匡萃坚:《马克思的“革命”观》,《马克思主义研究》1983年第2期,第43页。
22汪亭友:《从武装斗争走向议会道路的尼泊尔共产党(毛主义者)》,《“当代世界社会主义前沿和热点问题”学术研讨会暨2007年当代世界社会主义专业委员会年会论文集》(2007年),第251页。
23参见吴永年:《论尼共(毛派)从暴力革命向和平民主的转变》,《南亚研究》,2009年第4期,第39页。
24贾膺:《尼泊尔和平进程的新阶段对其政局影响探远——尼共(毛主义)加入尼临时政府》,《当代世界》,2007年第
5期,33页。
25聂运麟:《尼泊尔共产党(毛泽东主义)领导民主革命胜利发展的原因及意义》,《社会主义研究》,2009年第2期,第16页。
26参见汪亭友:《独树一帜的尼泊尔共产党(毛主义者)——从武装斗争到议会道路》,《国外理论动态》2009年2期,第246-249页。
27李敏:《尼泊尔—印度水资源争端的缘起及合作前景》,《南亚研究》,2011年第4期,第80页。
28Platt. F,A small war you may have missed,The growth of the Maoist Insurgency in Nepal,INDEX ON CENSORSHIP,APR2003.Vol.2/32.pp.219-222.
29http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0511/feature3/multimedia.html.
30See Mishra R,Indins role in Nepal's maoist insurgency. SEP-OCT2004.ASIAN SURVEY.Vol.5/44.pp.627-646.
(India's role in Nepal's ongoing Maoist insurgency. It argues that the insurgency's trajectory is heavilyinfluenced by transboundary links and should be viewed in the context of India's role in shaping the past
50years of Nepal's political history).
31See B.C. Upreti.Maoists in Nepal From Insurgency to Political Mainstream.Delhi:KalpazPublications.2008.p.22.
32S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.p.1.
33Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.pp.13.-14.
34Buddhi Narayan Shrestha.Boder Management of Nepal.Bhumichitra Co. P. Ltd. Nepal.Kathmandu.2003.p.76.
35See Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi,Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.23.
36See S.D. Muni.MAOIST INSURGENCY IN NEPAL.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.pp.20.-21.
37Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.131.
38Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.135.
39See Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.pp.76.-77.
40See Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.140.
41S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.pp.52-53.
42Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.16.
43B.C. Upreti.Maoists in Nepal From Insurgency to Political Mainstream.Delhi:Kalpaz Publications.2008. P.11.
44S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.p.2.
45Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.29.
46笔者注:指尼共(毛派)崛起的印度因素。
47张世英著:《哲学导论》,北京:北京大学出版社,2002年1月,第342页。
48注释:尼泊尔人的叫法,指军营或临时军事驻扎地。
49参见[英]巴里.布赞等著,刘德斌译:《世界历史中的国际体系——国际关系研究的再建构》,北京:高等教育出版社,2004年4月,第70页。国际次体系,意指一个国际体系内的单位群,其有别于整个体系,常常因为领土相连而成为一个区域性的聚合体。
50张世英著:《哲学导论》,北京:北京大学出版社,2002年1月第1版,第149页。
51罗伯特.杰维斯著、李少军等译:《系统效应:政治与社会生活中的复杂性》,上海:海人民出版社,2008年3月.第118页。
52罗伯特.杰维斯著、李少军等译:《系统效应:政治与社会生活中的复杂性》,上海:上海人民出版社,2008年3月.第118页。
53参见[美]彼得.卡赞斯坦、罗伯特.基欧汉、斯蒂芬.克拉斯纳编,秦亚青等译:《世界政治理论的争鸣》,上海:上海人民出版社,2006年第1版,第3页。
54参见倪世雄著:《当代西方国际关系理论》,上海:复旦大学出版社,2007年12月,第125页。
55参见王菲易:《国际化、制度化与民主化——韩国政治发展与转型的国际因素研究》,复旦大学博士学位论文,2009年10月.第26页。
56参见王菲易:《国际化、制度化与民主化——韩国政治发展与转型的国际因素研究》,复旦大学博士学位论文,2009年10月.第28页。
57See S.D. Muni.MAOIST INSURGENCY IN NEPAL.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.pp.17-18.
58Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.67.
59参见[美]罗伯特.基欧汉,米尔纳主编;姜鹏,董素华译:《国际化与国内政治》,北京:北京大学出版社,2003年
8月,第1页。
60Deepak Thapa.Unstanding the Maoist Movement of Nepal.Martin Chautari and Centre for Social Research andDevelopment.Nepal.2003.p.4.
61Revolutionary Journalist Association Central Committee.The Years of Upheaval.Kathmandu:2010.pp.13.-14.
62Religion in Nepal.http://www.answers.com/topic/religion-in-nepal.
63Religion in Nepal.http://www.answers.com/topic/religion-in-nepal.
64王宏纬主编:《尼泊尔》,北京:社会科学文献出版社,2004年3月,第29页。
65R.K. Vishwakarma.People’s Power in Nepal. New Delhi.Manak Publications Pvt. Ltd.2006.p.xxii.
66尼泊尔的革命与反革命,http://xueshanshen.blog.hexun.com/2652142_d.html.
67See Revolutionary Journalist Association Central Committee.The Years of Upheaval.Kathmandu.2010.p.15.
68See Indra Mohan Sigdel ‘Basanta’.Imperalism and Proletarian Revolution in21st Century. NepalKathmandu.2010.p.159.
69See Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.p.92.
70Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.p.94.
71[美]杰克.A.戈德斯通主编,章延杰译:《国家、政党与社会运动》,上海:上海人民出版社,2009年11月,第126页。
72See B.R. Bajracharya.S.R. Sharma.S.R. Bakshi.Modernization in Nepal.New Delhi:Anmol Publications Pvt.Ltd.,1993.p.5.
73Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.pp.43.-44.
74笔者注:尼泊尔在1961年至1990年近30年间,尼大会党和尼共等党派被禁止活动,但各政党反对君主制和无党派评议会制度的活动一直持续不断。
75Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.pp.41.-42.
76Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.pp.33.-34.
77Prakash A. Raj.The Dancing Democracy-The Power of the Third Eye.Rupa Co..New Delhi.2006.p.11.
78Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.34.
79B.C. Upreti.Maoists in Nepal From Insurgency to Political Mainstream.Delhi:Kalpaz Publications.2008.p.53.
80Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.pp.41.-42.
81Rupa Co.Indea-Nepal Relation.New Delhi:Obseravtion Research Foundation.2004.p.9.
82See Nepal.Dbruba Kumar.Electoral Violence and Volatilityn in Nepal,Kathmandu,Nepal:2010.p.51.
83中国新闻网,http://www.chinanews.com/gj/2010/10-26/2612949.shtml。
84See Nepal.Dbruba Kumar.Electoral Violence and Volatilityn in Nepal,Kathmandu,Nepal:2010.p.51.
85S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.p.1.
86Uddhab P. Pyakurel.Maoist Movement in Nepal.New Delhi:2007.p.61.
87Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.20.
88Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.21.
89Uddhab P. Pyakurel.Moist Movement in Nepal.New Delhi:2007.p.61.
90S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.p.3.
91Uddhab P. Pyakurel.Moist Movement in Nepal.New Delhi:2007.p.62.
92Uddhab P. Pyakurel.Moist Movement in Nepal.New Delhi:2007.p.61.
93Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.24.
94Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.24.
95S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.p.2.
96注释:Naxalite.印度纳萨尔派,主张通过农民武装斗争夺取政权的印度共产党。
97Uddhab P. Pyakurel.Moist Movement in Nepal.New Delhi:2007.p.62.
98S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.p.3.
99Anirban Roy.Prachanda-The Unknown Revolutionary. Kathmandu: Mandala Book Point.2008,p27.
100See Anirban Roy.Prachanda-The Unknown Revolutionary. Kathmandu: Mandala Book Point.2008,p26.
101Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.25.
102S.D. Muni. Moist Movement in Nepal L.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.p.4.
103Uddhab P. Pyakurel.Moist Movement in Nepal.New Delhi:2007.p.63.
104Uddhab P. Pyakurel.Moist Movement in Nepal.New Delhi:2007.p.63.
105笔者注:尼共(第四次大会)也称尼共“四中全会”派,该成员主要来自于尼泊尔共产主义左联合战线,但由于内部争执,无法现成统一的思想和行动,因而在党派竞争中逐渐失去了影响力,逐渐淡出了人们的视线。CPN (第四次大会)于1990年起义参与了反对独裁政权。1990年11月,CPN (第四次大会)与尼泊尔共产党CPN(Mashal)和其他更小的分支合并,形成尼泊尔共产党(团结中心)。
106R.K. Vishwakarma.People’s Power in Nepal. New Delhi.Manak Publications Pvt. Ltd.2006.p.xix.
107S.D. Muni.MAOIST INSURGENCY IN NEPAL.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.p.5.
108See B.C. Upreti.Maoists in Nepal From Insurgency to Political Mainstream.Delhi:KalpazPublications.2008.p.35.
109Uddhab P. Pyakurel.Moist Movement in Nepal.New Delhi:2007.p.64.
110See Uddhab P. Pyakurel.Moist Movement in Nepal.New Delhi:2007.p.64.
111Lok Raj Baral.Nepal Facets of Maoist Insurgency.New Delhi:Adroit Publishers.2006.p.135.
112See The12th Anniversary of the People’s War in Nepal and Its UnsettledOutcome.http://www.rwor.org/a/121/nepal-en.html.
113See Harka Gurung,From Exclusion to Inclusion,Social Inclusion Research Fund,Kathmandu,2007.p.166.
114http://www.answers.com/topic/nepalese-civil-war.
115See Nepal.Dbruba Kumar.Electoral Violence and Volatilityn in Nepal,Kathmandu,Nepal:2010.p.51.
116普拉昌达当选尼泊尔总理,http://news.sina.com.cn/w/2008-08-16/083514318418s.shtml.
117笔者译.
118参见巴特拉伊:“临危受命”当总理,http://www.yzxwrw.cn/2011/Politics_1228/1117.html.
119R.K. Vishwakarma.People’s Power in Nepal. New Delhi.Manak Publications Pvt. Ltd.2006.p.xix.
120R.K. Vishwakarma.People’s Power in Nepal. New Delhi.Manak Publications Pvt. Ltd.2006.p.269.
121S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.pp.24.-25.
122See Deepak Thapa.Understanding The Maoist Movement of Nepal.Nepal.Kathmandu.Martin Chautaro and Centerfor Social Research and Development.2003.P.368.
123See Uddhab P. Pyakurel.Moist Movement in Nepal.New Delhi:2007.p.98.
124See Organisational structure of the CPN-Maoist,http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/nepal/terroristoutfits/index.
125R.K. Vishwakarma.People’s Power in Nepal. New Delhi.Manak Publications Pvt. Ltd.2006.p.xix.
126Revolutionary Journalist Association Central Committee.The Years of Upheaval.Kathmandu:2010.p.29.
127Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.38.
128Uddhab P. Pyakurel.Moist Movement in Nepal.New Delhi:2007.pp.64.-65.
129Political Line of CPN (Unity Centre),http://www.ucpnm.org/english/doc1.php.
130S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.p.21.
131Rupa Co.Indea-Nepal Relation.New Delhi:Obseravtion Research Foundation.2004.p.16.
132王宏纬主编:《尼泊尔》,北京:社会科学文献出版社,2004年3月版,第59页。
133See Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.52.
134注释:达利人(Dalits)在种姓制度中属于贱民。
135See Rupa Co.Indea-Nepal Relation.New Delhi:Obseravtion Research Foundation.2004.pp.16.-17.
136Rupa Co.Indea-Nepal Relation.New Delhi:Obseravtion Research Foundation.2004.p.18.
137参见赵朴初著:《佛教知识答问》,北京出版社,2009.3,第16-17页。
138S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.p.13.
139S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.p.14.
140Rupa Co.Indea-Nepal Relation.New Delhi:Obseravtion Research Foundation.2004.p.100.
141S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.p.14.
142B.C. Upreti.Maoists in Nepal From Insurgency to Political Mainstream.Delhi:Kalpaz Publications.2008.p.39.
143See Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.58.
144S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.p.13.
145S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.p.14.
146B.C. Upreti.Maoists in Nepal From Insurgency to Political Mainstream.Delhi:Kalpaz Publications.2008.p.39.
147Rupa Co.Indea-Nepal Relation.New Delhi:Obseravtion Research Foundation.2004.pp.5.-6.
148See http://www.answers.com/topic/communist-party-of-nepal#Party_in_the_House_of_Representatives.
149S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.p.18.
150See The12th Anniversary of the People’s War in Nepal and Its UnsettledOutcome.http://www.rwor.org/a/121/nepal-en.html.
151笔者注:“联合战线”(Unified Front)是指尼共毛派为了实现政治目标而结成的一个社会各阶层人士广泛参与的政治同盟。
152Rupa Co.Indea-Nepal Relation.New Delhi:Obseravtion Research Foundation.2004.p.11.
153See Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.49.
154Rupa Co.Indea-Nepal Relation.New Delhi:Obseravtion Research Foundation.2004.pp.5.-6.
155Bishnu Raj Upreti,Nepal-from War to Peace, New Delhi, Adroit Publishers,2009.p.192.
156See Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.59.
157See Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.pp.58.-59.
158Rupa Co.Indea-Nepal Relation.New Delhi:Obseravtion Research Foundation.2004.p.17.
159Prabin Manandhar and David Seddon. In Hope and In Fear Living Through the people’s War in Nepal.NewDelhi:Adroit Publisher.2010.p.185.
160B.C. Upreti.Maoists in Nepal From Insurgency to Political Mainstream.Delhi:KalpazPublications.2008.p.136.
161Prabin Manandhar and David Seddon. In Hope and In Fear Living Through the people’s War in Nepal.NewDelhi:Adroit Publisher.2010.p.186.
162B.C. Upreti.Maoists in Nepal From Insurgency to Political Mainstream.Delhi:KalpazPublications.2008.p.136.
163Deepak Thapa.Unstanding the Maoist Movement of Nepal.Martin Chautari and Centre for Social Research andDevelopment.Nepal.2003.p.93.
164Prabin Manandhar and David Seddon. In Hope and In Fear Living Through the people’s War in Nepal.NewDelhi:Adroit Publisher.2010.p.186.
165See Prabin Manandhar and David Seddon. In Hope and In Fear Living Through the people’s War in Nepal.NewDelhi:Adroit Publisher.2010.p.186.
166World Population Prospects. the2010Revision.http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Excel-Data/population.htm.
167World Population Prospects. the2010Revision.http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Excel-Data/population.htm.
168Deepak Thapa.Unstanding the Maoist Movement of Nepal.Martin Chautari and Centre for Social Research andDevelopment.Nepal.2003.p.35.
169Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.58.
170Bishnu Raj Upreti.Sagar RAj Sharma.Land Politics and Conflict in Nepal.Community Self Relianceentre(CSRC).2009.p.165.
171Bishnu Raj Upreti.Sagar RAj Sharma.Land Politics and Conflict in Nepal.Community Self Relianceentre(CSRC).2009.p.164.
172See Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.57.
173注释:尼泊尔人的叫法,指军营或临时军事驻扎地。
174S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.p.17.
175R.K. Vishwakarma.People’s Power in Nepal.New Delhi.Manak Publications Pvt. Ltd..2006.p.64.
176Bishnu Raj Upreti.Sagar RAj Sharma.Land Politics and Conflict in Nepal.Community Self Relianceentre(CSRC).2009.p.43.
177Bishnu Raj Upreti.Sagar RAj Sharma.Land Politics and Conflict in Nepal.Community Self Relianceentre(CSRC).2009.p.186.
178Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.147.
179S.D. Muni.“MAOIST INSURGENCY IN NEPAL”.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.p.9.
180See S.D. Muni.“MAOIST INSURGENCY IN NEPAL”.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.p.10.
181Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.71.
182Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.p.71.
183International media groups call for press freedom in Nepal,http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=19464&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html.
184See International media groups call for press freedom in Nepal,http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=19464&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html.
185International media groups call for press freedom in Nepal,http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=19464&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html.
186South Asian NGOs Reporting on Rights Violations,http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=17719&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
187全泉:尼共(毛派)的“新式革命”,《世界博览》,2010年第12期,第53页。
188Bishnu Raj Upreti.Armed Conflict and Peace Process in Nepal.New Delhi:Adroit Publishers.2010.P.183.
189Uddhab P. Pyakurel.Moist Movement in Nepal.New Delhi:2007.p.93.
190Rupa Co.Indea-Nepal Relation.New Delhi:Obseravtion Research Foundation.2004,p.22.
191Birendra Prasad Mishra.The Nepalese Peace Process.Kathmandu:FinePrint Books.2009.P.75.
192See Present Situation and Historical Task of the Proletariat.http://www.ucpnm.org/english/doc12.php.
193See Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.62.
194See Susan I.Hangen.The Rise of Ethnic Politics in Nepal.New Deli:Routledge.2010.pp.35.-37.
195See Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.68.
196See B.C. Upreti.Maoists in Nepal From Insurgency to Political Mainstream.Delhi:KalpazPublications.2008.pp.64.-65.
197Harka Gurung,From Exclusion to Inclusion,Social Inclusion Research Fund,Kathmandu,2007.p.167.
198Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.pp.60.-61.
199龙柏林.关注全球化背景下意识形态和价值重构,国际学术动态(International Academic Developments),2010年1期,第33页。
200约瑟夫.奈著.《硬权力与软权力》,北京大学出版社,2005年10月,第107页。
201[美]汉斯.摩根索著:《国家间政治权力斗争与和平》,北京大学出版社,2006年11月,第7页。
202Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.24.
203Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.61.
204See B.C. Upreti.Maoists in Nepal From Insurgency to Political Mainstream.Delhi:KalpazPublications.2008.pp.54.-55.
205See Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path. http://www.answers.com/topic/prachanda-path.
206History of communism,http://www.answers.com/topic/history-of-communism,上网时间:2011年3月10日。
207Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.13.
208Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.24.
209B.C. Upreti.Maoists in Nepal From Insurgency to Political Mainstream.Delhi:Kalpaz Publications.2008.p.54.
210Uddhab P. Pyakurel.Moist Movement in Nepal.New Delhi:2007.p.67.
211Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.13.
212Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.24.
213S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.pp.20.-21.
214B.C. Upreti.Maoists in Nepal From Insurgency to Political Mainstream.Delhi:KalpazPublications.2008.pp.55.-56.
215Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.pp.14.-15.
216See Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.pp.26.-27.
217Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.61.
218See Anirban Roy.Prachanda-The Unknown Revolutionary. Kathmandu: Mandala Book Point.2008.p.64.
219List of communist ideologies,http://www.answers.com/topic/list-of-communist-ideologies#Maoism
220See Anirban Roy.Prachanda-The Unknown Revolutionary. Kathmandu: Mandala Book Point.2008.p.63.
221See S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.p.21.
222Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.p.IV.
223陆轶之.试论尼共(毛)民主革命理论与实践,《武汉科技大学学报(社会科学版)》,2011年4月,第177页。
224普拉昌达,http://baike.baidu.com/view/780826.htm。
225See Anirban Roy.Prachanda-The Unknown Revolutionary. Kathmandu: Mandala Book Point.2008.p.ix.
226See Anirban Roy.Prachanda-The Unknown Revolutionary. Kathmandu: Mandala Book Point.2008.p.viii.
227B.C. Upreti.Maoists in Nepal From Insurgency to Political Mainstream.Delhi:Kalpaz Publications.2008.p.60.
228Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.90.
229尼共主席:“我想正式访问第一个国家是中国”.http://news.hsw.cn/system/2007/02/15/005109455.shtml.
230See B.R. Bajracharya.S.R. Sharma.S.R. Bakshi.Modernization in Nepal.New Delhi:Anmol Publications Pvt.Ltd..1993.p.3.
231Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.23.
232Laurent Gayer.Christophe Jaffrelot.Armed Militias of South Asaia. New Delhi:C. Hurst&Co. Ltd..2009.P.22.
233List of Communist Parties in India,http://www.answers.com/topic/list-of-communist-parties-in-india.
234Communist Party of India,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India.
235See Communist Party of India,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India.
236分析:印度共产党为何能在地方长期执政,http://news.sina.com.cn/w/2006-01-28/10398102398s.shtml。
237印度共产党,http://baike.baidu.com/view/585761.htm。
238The Communist Party of India: A Short History. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2753081?seq=3.上网时间:2011年3月11日。
239李因才:《民主政体内的印度共产党》,《南风窗》,2009年第24期,第44页。
240Communist Party of India (Marxist).http://www.answers.com/topic/communist-party-of-india-marxist-cpi-m.
241Communist Party of India (Marxist),http://www.answers.com/topic/communist-party-of-india-marxist-cpi-m.
242See Laurent Gayer.Christophe Jaffrelot.Armed Militias of South Asaia. New Delhi:C. Hurst&Co. Ltd..2009.P.22.
243笔者注:指印共(马)在选举中得票率下降的情况。
244Communist Party of India (Marxist).http://www.answers.com/topic/communist-party-of-india-marxist-cpi-m.
245See Laurent Gayer.Christophe Jaffrelot.Armed Militias of South Asaia. New Delhi:C. Hurst&Co. Ltd..2009.P.23.
246Laurent Gayer.Christophe Jaffrelot.Armed Militias of South Asaia. New Delhi:C. Hurst&Co. Ltd..2009.P.24.
247Laurent Gayer.Christophe Jaffrelot.Armed Militias of South Asaia. New Delhi:C. Hurst&Co. Ltd..2009.P.26.
248See B.C. Upreti.Maoists in Nepal From Insurgency to Political Mainstream.Delhi:KalpazPublications.2008.p.22.
249Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.14.
250Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi,Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.29.
251笔者注:Jana Adalats为尼泊尔语,意思是“人民法庭”。
252See Naxalite,http://www.answers.com/topic/naxalite.
253Laurent Gayer.Christophe Jaffrelot.Armed Militias of South Asaia. New Delhi:C. Hurst&Co. Ltd..2009.P.22.
254Laurent Gayer.Christophe Jaffrelot.Armed Militias of South Asaia. New Delhi:C. Hurst&Co. Ltd..2009.P.25.
255Laurent Gayer.Christophe Jaffrelot.Armed Militias of South Asaia. New Delhi:C. Hurst&Co. Ltd..2009.P.21.
256《尼泊尔大选毛派上台,国王可能流亡印度》,腾讯网,http://news.qq.com/a/20080418/002470.htm,转引自《环球时报》,2008年04月18日。
257See Communist Party of India(maoist).http://www.answers.com/topic/communist-party-of-india-maoist.
258Dr.M.Anwar.Maoist naxalite Movement in India.The Weekly Mirror.2009.11.6.
259http://www.hudong.com/wiki/%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8.
260Laurent Gayer.Christophe Jaffrelot.Armed Militias of South Asaia. New Delhi:C. Hurst&Co. Ltd..2009.P.24.
261See Naxalite,http://www.answers.com/topic/naxalite.
262See Naxalite,http://www.answers.com/topic/naxalite.
263B.C. Upreti.Maoists in Nepal From Insurgency to Political Mainstream.Delhi.KalpazPublications.2008.p.118.
264参见印共毛派,http://baike.baidu.com/view/2566881.htm.
265See S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.pp.20-21.
266Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.131.
267See People's War Group,http://www.answers.com/topic/communist-party-of-india-marxist-leninist-people-s-war.
268Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.131.
269People's War Group,http://www.answers.com/topic/communist-party-of-india-marxist-leninist-people-s-war
270Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.135.
271See http://bx.go2eu.com/doc/alter3.htm.
272Laurent Gayer.Christophe Jaffrelot.Armed Militias of South Asaia. New Delhi:C. Hurst&Co. Ltd..2009.P.26.
273See Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.130.
274Laurent Gayer.Christophe Jaffrelot.Armed Militias of South Asaia. New Delhi:C. Hurst&Co. Ltd..2009.P.24.
275Laurent Gayer.Christophe Jaffrelot.Armed Militias of South Asaia. New Delhi:C. Hurst&Co. Ltd..2009.P.27.
276See Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.pp.144.-145.
277See Laurent Gayer.Christophe Jaffrelot.Armed Militias of South Asaia. New Delhi,C. Hurst&Co. Ltd..2009.P.26.
278Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi,Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.56.
279Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi,Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.pp.76.-77.
280Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.pp.129.-130.
281See Communist Party ofIndia.http://www.answers.com/topic/communist-party-of-india-maoist#International_connections.
282See Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi,Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.134.
283See S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.p.3.
284S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.pp.23-24.
285Unified Communist Party of Nepal,http://www.answers.com/topic/communist-party-of-nepal#Linkage_with_fraternal_parties.
286Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.134.
287http://in.rediff.com/news/2004/oct/14spec2.htm.
288See Unified Communist Party of Nepal,http://www.answers.com/topic/communist-party-of-nepal#Linkage_with_fraternal_parties.
289Unified Communist Party of Nepal,http://www.answers.com/topic/communist-party-of-nepal#Linkage_with_fraternal_parties.
290Deepak Thapa.Understanding The Maoist Movement of Nepal.Nepal.Kathmandu.Martin Chautaro and Center forSocial Research and Development.2003.P.368.
291See B.C. Upreti.Maoists in Nepal From Insurgency to Political Mainstream.Delhi:KalpazPublications.2008.p.152.
292See Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.pp.130.-131.
293See S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.p.22.
294S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.p.23.
295Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.130.
296See Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.pp.129.-130.
297Unified Communist Party of Nepal,http://www.answers.com/topic/communist-party-of-nepal#Linkage_with_fraternal_parties.
298See S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.p.21.
299Unified Communist Party of Nepal,http://www.answers.com/topic/communist-party-of-nepal#Linkage_with_fraternal_parties.
300Unified Communist Party of Nepal,http://www.answers.com/topic/communist-party-of-nepal#Linkage_with_fraternal_parties.
301Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.142.
302See United Liberation Front of Asom,http://www.answers.com/topic/united-liberation-front-of-asom.
303Unified Communist Party of Nepal,http://www.answers.com/topic/communist-party-of-nepal#Linkage_with_fraternal_parties.
304Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.134.
305B.C. Upreti.Maoists in Nepal From Insurgency to Political Mainstream.Delhi,KalpazPublications.2008.p.162.
306B.C. Upreti.Maoists in Nepal From Insurgency to Political Mainstream.Delhi,KalpazPublications.2008.p.162.
307王宏纬著:《尼泊尔——人民和文化》,北京:昆仑出版社,2007年版,第476页。
308Demographics of Nepal,http://www.answers.com/topic/demographics-of-nepal#Nepali_overseas.
309Demographics of Nepal,http://www.answers.com/topic/demographics-of-nepal#Nepali_overseas.
310Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.142.
311Demographics of Nepal,http://www.answers.com/topic/demographics-of-nepal#Nepali_overseas.
312参加Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.138.
313Indigenous peoples of Sikkim.http://www.answers.com/topic/indigenous-peoples-of-sikkim.
314http://www.answers.com/topic/sikkim
315王宏纬著:《尼泊尔——人民和文化》,北京:昆仑出版社,2007年版,第490页。
316[印]帕尔玛南德:《尼泊尔的印度侨民与印度的尼泊尔侨民民族融合问题》,《世界民族》,1988年第1期,第14页。
317尼泊尔的宗教节日,http://www.mzb.com.cn/html/report/136554-1.htm。
318尼泊尔节日,http://www.517nepal.com/nepaloverview/2.html。
319王宏纬著:《尼泊尔——人民和文化》,北京:昆仑出版社,2007年版,第473页。
320王宏纬著:《尼泊尔——人民和文化》,北京:昆仑出版社,2007年版,第474页。
321B.C. Upreti.Maoists in Nepal From Insurgency to Political Mainstream.Delhi:Kalpaz Publications.2008.p.74.
322尼泊尔农业概况.http://ccn.mofcom.gov.cn/spbg/show.php?id=6230.
323Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.p.56.
324B.C. Upreti.Maoists in Nepal From Insurgency to Political Mainstream.Delhi:Kalpaz Publications.2008.p.137.笔者注:原名“北安查尔邦”,2000年从北方邦分离出来。2007年印度官方将其更名为“北阿坎德邦”。
325Khailid Koser著、吴周放译:《国际移民》,南京:译林出版社,2009年11月,第26页。
326Khailid Koser著、吴周放译:《国际移民》,南京:译林出版社,2009年11月,第54页。
327Khailid Koser著、吴周放译:《国际移民》,南京:译林出版社,2009年11月,序言。
328Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.146.
329王宏纬著:《尼泊尔——人民和文化》,北京:昆仑出版社,2007年版,第489页。
330王宏纬著:《尼泊尔——人民和文化》,北京:昆仑出版社,2007年版,第478页。
331See Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.140.
332笔者注释:位于印度的阿萨姆邦。
333Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.pp.140.-141.
334http://www.ekantipur.com/2011/08/29/editors-pick/always-first-bhattarai-first-in-politics-too/339873.html.
335Akhil Bharat Nepali Ekta Samaj.http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/terroristoutfits/abnes.htm
336笔者注:印度北方邦的一个城市。
337See Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.146.
338Dinesh Bhattarai.Pradip Khatiwada.Nepal India.Nirala Publications.1993.p.139.
339Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.147.
340S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.pp.17-18.
341Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.p.77.
342Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.136.
343S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.pp.23-24.
344Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.145.
345Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.145.
346据有关数据显示:2009年-2010年间,海外移民通过正式渠道向尼泊尔国内的汇款总额达30亿美元,另据估计通过非正式渠道的汇款总数也达5亿美元,占尼泊尔GDP的25%。See Sebastian von Einsedel.David M. Malone.SumanPardhan.Nepal in Transition from People’s War to Fragile Peace.New York:Cambridge UnoversityPress.2012.p.120.
347笔者注:根据笔者2011年在尼泊尔的采访日记。
348Lok Raj Baral.Nepal Facets of Maoist Insurgency.New Delhi:Adroit Publishers.2006.p.135.
349Nepal.http://www.answers.com/topic/Nepal.
350See Indian Gorkha.http://www.answers.com/topic/indian-gorkha.
351See Gurkha,http://www.answers.com/topic/gurkha.
352Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.pp.103.-104.
353Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.pp.135.-136.
354Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.p.96.注释:维多利亚十字勋章,Victoria Cross,缩写为V.C.,是英国军队最高荣誉,颁给临阵极端勇武的军人。1856年维多利亚女王应其夫艾伯特亲王之请而设置。以维多利亚女王的名字为其命名,用以表彰英国军人。
355See Britain–India–Nepal Tripartite Agreement,http://www.answers.com/topic/britain-india-nepal-tripartite-agreement.
356See Britain–India–Nepal Tripartite Agreement,http://www.answers.com/topic/britain-india-nepal-tripartite-agreement.
357See Britain–India–Nepal TripartiteAgreement.http://www.answers.com/topic/britain-india-nepal-tripartite-agreement.
358参见Bhanubhakta Acharya(1814~1868),http://www.xiao-en.org/cultural/academic.asp?cat=66&loc=zh-cn&id=1236。Bhanubhakta Acharya(1814~1868)Bhanubhakta Acharya在现代尼泊尔文学史上扮演着重要的角色,被尊称为尼泊尔文学史的“奠基人”。他还将印度教的思想、文化和价值观介绍、传播到尼泊尔。因此,他又是尼泊尔人心中的偶像,在南亚地区的尼泊尔人社区中,随处都可见到他的塑像,每年尼泊尔人都会在他的出生日进行各种纪念仪式。
359See Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.139.
360See Gorkha National Liberation Front. http://www.answers.com/topic/gorkha-national-liberation-front.
361S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.p.19.
362See http://tieba.baidu.com/f?kz=1260659874.
363See Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.142.
364See Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.pp.51.-52.
365Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.pp.136.-137.
366Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.pp.137.-138.
367See Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.pp.137.-138.
368S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.pp.52-53.
369http://www.answers.com/topic/communist-party-of-nepal#Party_in_the_House_of_Representatives.
370See Details of Indian nationals in PLA surface,Kantipur,http://www.ekantipur.com/the-kathmandu-post/2011/12/28/top-story/details-of-indian-nationals-in-pla-surface/229775.html
371See S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.pp.17-18.
372Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.p.64.
373[美]罗伯特.基欧汉,米尔纳主编;姜鹏,董素华译:《国际化与国内政治》,北京:北京大学出版社,2003年8月,第1页。
374张中云主编:《国际共产主义运动史》,北京:中共中央党校出版社,1999年3月,第1页。
375《当前世界共产主义运动的现状》,http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5ef66f4b0102drld.html.
376孟鑫:《当前国际共产主义运动发展状况和趋势分析》,《当代世界与社会主义》,2010年第6期,第37页。
377Revolutionary Internationalist Movement. http://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Revolutionary_Internationalist_Movement.
378B.C. Upreti.Maoists in Nepal From Insurgency to Political Mainstream.Delhi:Kalpaz Publications.2008. P.11.
379郑汕:《印度民族主义的特征及世界性影响》,《和平与发展》,2010年第6期,第58页。
380Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.16.
381Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.pp.128.-129.
382See Harka Gurung,From Exclusion to Inclusion,Social Inclusion Research Fund,Kathmandu,2007.p.164.
383See Harka Gurung,From Exclusion to Inclusion,Social Inclusion Research Fund,Kathmandu,2007.pp.164.-166.
384See:The12th Anniversary of the People’s War in Nepal and Its UnsettledOutcome.http://www.rwor.org/a/121/nepal-en.html.
385See B.C. Upreti.Maoists in Nepal From Insurgency to Political Mainstream.Delhi:KalpazPublications.2008.p.22.
386Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.pp.13.-14.
387See Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.pp.13.-14.
388See Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.pp.23.-24.
389See S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.p.1.
390参见新浪网,http://news.sina.com.cn/w/2008-05-30/021213945013s.shtml.
391Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china[M].New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005(23-24).
392S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.p.2.
393Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.29.
394Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.32.
395参见聂运麟等著:《当代资本主义国家共产党:低潮中的奋进、变革与转型》,北京:社会科学出版社,2007-11(12).
396S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.p.4.
397See Harka Gurung,From Exclusion to Inclusion,Social Inclusion Research Fund,Kathmandu,2007.p.171.
398参见朱听昌:《中国周边安全环境与安全战略》,北京:时事出版社2002年版,第334页。
399See Dinesh Bhattarai.Pradip Khatiwada.Nepal India.Nirala Publications.1993.p.34.
400Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.147.
401Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.p.183.
402Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.pp.3.-4.
403Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.pp.151.-152.
404Rabindra Khanal,Pushpa Adhikari.National Security of Nepal.Kathmandu,Sangam Institue,2009,P.46.
405Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.p.105.
406See Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.p.50.
407《尼泊尔不想当中印缓冲区》,http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2012-01/12/c_122579066_2.htm..
408Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.p.8.
409Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.pp.123.-124.
410《研究政党组织结构有什么意义?》,http://wenda.tianya.cn/wenda/thread?sort=wsmopts&tid=41875013e6984f70.
411Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.123.
412Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.pp.96.-97.
413《以占世界4%水资源养17%人口印度面临供水危机》,http://news.eastday.com/w/20100312/u1a5080480.html.
414钟华平,王建生,杜朝阳:《印度水资源及其开发利用情况分析》,《南水北调与水利科技》,2011年第1期,第
152-153页。
415Rupa Co.Indea-Nepal Relation.New Delhi:Obseravtion Research Foundation.2004,pp.27.-28.
416Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.p.56.
417Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.pp.3.-4.
418Lok Raj Baral.Nepal Facets of Maoist Insurgency.New Delhi:Adroit Publishers.2006.p.136.
419Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.pp.14.-15.
420Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.122.
421笔者注:许多尼泊尔人对印度领导人的这番话十分反感,认为这是印度在精神文化上“侵占”尼泊尔的一个阴谋;因为,印度早年吞并“锡金邦”的阴影一直笼罩在许多尼泊尔人心中,即使到了今天尼泊尔人心中的这种心理阴影依旧挥散不去,尼泊尔人担心尼泊尔有可能成为印度的第二个“锡金邦”,因此对印度存在着一种抵触和防范的心理。
422About Nepal,http://www.kailashhimalaya.com/nepal.php?r=NP.
423Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.122.
424《什么是印度扩张主义》,http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/65586264.html.
425张惠兰:《尼泊尔传统文化的特点》,《当代亚太》,2000年第11期,第62页。
426尼泊尔的地理位置、民族、語言和宗教.http://www.sc157.com/outdoor/nepal-kk/2006-6/6/06061150190.html.
427Terai.http://www.answers.com/topic/terai.
428B.C. Upreti.Maoists in Nepal From Insurgency to Political Mainstream.Delhi:Kalpaz Publications.2008.p.75.
429王宏纬著:《尼泊尔——人民和文化》,北京:昆仑出版社,2007年版,第193-194页。
430Maoist manifesto,http://www.nepalitimes.com/issue/2003/04/25/nation/2694
431Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.pp.131.-132.
432Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.131.
433Buddhi Narayan Shrestha,Boder Management of Nepal,Bhumichitra Co. P. Ltd. Nepal.Kathmandu.2003.p.76.
434Maoist Incursions across Open Borders.http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/sair/Archives/2_22.htm
435《对尼泊尔政局的简略介绍及分析》,http://www.wyzxsx.com/m/?Source=ShowArticle|1|277395|0|7|1.
436Buddhi Narayan Shrestha.Boder Management of Nepal.Bhumichitra Co. P. Ltd. Nepal.Kathmandu.2003.p.74.
437See Buddhi Narayan Shrestha.Boder Management of Nepal.:Bhumichitra Co. P. Ltd. Nepal.Kathmandu.2003.p.
74.-75.
438See Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.pp.68.-69.
439See Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.125.
440Maoist Incursions across Open Borders.http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/sair/Archives/2_22.htm
441Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.133.
442S.D. Muni. Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.p.58.
443Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.142.
444Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.135.
445Rupa Co.Indea-Nepal Relation.New Delhi:Obseravtion Research Foundation.2004,pp.xxv.-xxvi.
446Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.pp.145.-146.
447Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.p.64.
448Lok Raj Baral.Looking to the Future.New Delhi:Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd..1996.P.2.
449参见吴兆礼:《尼泊尔—印度关系:传统与现实》,《南亚研究》,2010年第1期,第55页。
450See Lok Raj Baral.Looking to the Future.New Delhi:Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd..1996.P.2.
451宋德星:《现实主义取向与道德尺度——论印度战略文化的二元特征》,《南亚研究》2008年第1期,第14页。
452See Dinesh Bhattarai.Pradip Khatiwada.Nepal India.Nirala Publications.1993.p.33.
453参见孙士海、江亦丽:《二战后南亚国家对外关系研究》,北京:方志出版社,2007.11,第40-43页.
454Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi,Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.15.
455王艳芬:《尼泊尔印度1950年《和平与友好条约》的后果》,《学海》,2009年第5期,第171页。
456Indo-Nepalese relations,http://www.answers.com/topic/indo-nepalese-relations.
457See Rupa Co.Indea-Nepal Relation.New Delhi:Obseravtion Research Foundation.2004,p.26.
458Rupa Co.Indea-Nepal Relation.New Delhi:Obseravtion Research Foundation.2004,p.26.
459See Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.pp.147.-148.
460Rupa Co.Indea-Nepal Relation.New Delhi:Obseravtion Research Foundation.2004.pp.31.-32.
461《尼泊尔经济现状与前景》,http://np.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/ztdy/baoxian/200706/20070604821674.html.
462《尼泊尔新民主主义革命的意义及影响》,http://www.caogen.com/blog/Infor_detail.aspx?articleId=20893.
463Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.p.8.
464笔者注:指中国。
465米立功:《印度——尼泊尔关系史上的大事》,《瞭望》,1992年第45期,第40页。
466S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.pp.58-59.
467Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.148.
468Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.98.
469S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.pp.58.-59.
470S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.pp.59.-60.
471S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.pp.59.-60.
472Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.pp.60.-61.
473http://blog.china.com/u/070629/61504/200906/4840096.html.
474宋海啸:《印度在尼印边界问题上的政策分析》,《南亚研究季刊》,2010年第3期,第37页。
475刘雪莲著:《政治与全球化》,北京:中国社会科学出版社,2011年3月,第29页。
476Globalization,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globalization.
477刘雪莲著:《政治与全球化》,北京:中国社会科学出版社,2011年3月,第3页。
478笔者注:布鲁金斯学会是美国的一所研究机构,下设3个研究领域:经济研究,对外政策研究,政府研究;8个中心:都市政策中心,与美国企业研究所合作的经济调整研究中心,布朗教育政策中心,法律、经济、政治中心,东北亚政策研究中心,公共管理中心,社会与经济动态中心和美国与法国关系中心。政府研究领域分3大类:政治制度、政府管理、公共政策。
479笔者注:这些地方接近尼泊尔-印度边界地区,经常成为尼共(毛派)的避难所。
480Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.121.
481See Nepal.Dbruba Kumar.Electoral Violence and Volatilityn in Nepal,Kathmandu,Nepal:2010.pp.50.-51.
482Lok Raj Baral.Nepal Facets of Maoist Insurgency.New Delhi:Adroit Publishers.2006.p.136.
483Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.67.
484Rupa Co.Indea-Nepal Relation.New Delhi:Obseravtion Research Foundation.2004.pp.6.-7.
485Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.147.
486Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.p.10.
487民族主义.http://baike.baidu.com/view/79630.htm.
488休.希顿.沃顿.沃森著,吴洪英、黄群译:《民族与国家——对民族起源与民族主义政治的探讨》,北京:中央民族大学出版社,2009年1月版,第3页。
489See The12th Anniversary of the People’s War in Nepal and Its UnsettledOutcome.http://www.rwor.org/a/121/nepal-en.html.
490王宏纬主编:《尼泊尔》,北京:社会科学文献出版社,2004年3月版,第128页。
491郭家宏:《20世纪南亚民族主义的发展及其特征》,世界经济与政治论坛,2007年第2期,第62页。
492Mahebdra Lawoti.Anup K.Pahari.The Maoist Insurgency in Nepal:Revolution in the Twenty-first Century.Abingdon. Oxon; New York. NY: Routledge.2010.pp.222.-223.
493Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.147.
494Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.140.
495参见王宏纬主编:《尼泊尔》,北京:社会科学文献出版社,2004年3月版,第62页。
496参见亨廷顿著,刘军宁译:《第三波:20世纪后期民主化浪潮》,上海:上海三联书店,1998年版。
497Rupa Co.Indea-Nepal Relation.New Delhi:Obseravtion Research Foundation.2004.pp.6.-7.
498Rupa Co.Indea-Nepal Relation.New Delhi:Obseravtion Research Foundation.2004.p.6.
499Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.p.64.
500Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.15.
501The12th Anniversary of the People’s War in Nepal and Its UnsettledOutcome.http://www.rwor.org/a/121/nepal-en.html.
502Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.149.
503Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.141.
504笔者注:指尼泊尔国内不稳定的局势。
505Rabindra Khanal,Pushpa Adhikari.National Security of Nepal.Kathmandu,Sangam Institue,2009.P.3.
506Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.92.
507S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.p.49.
508See Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.pp.92.-93.
509Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.p.110.
510Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.p.110.
511See S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.pp.49.-50.
512《对尼泊尔政局的简略介绍及分析》,http://www.wyzxsx.com/m/?Source=ShowArticle|1|277395|0|7|1.
513《印度议会通过反恐怖主义法案》,http://news.sohu.com/45/67/news148286745.shtml.
514U.S. Department of State. Country Report on Terrorism2004. April2005.
515Nepal: Background and U.S. Relations,CRS Report for Congress. February2.2006.p.2.http://www.google.com.hk/search?q=anti-terrorism+india+nepal&hl=zh-CN&source=hp&gbv=2&gs_sm=12&gs_upl=4906l63359l0l65171l24l24l0l7l0l0l156l610l5.1l6l0&oq=anti-terrorism+india+nepal&aq=f&aqi=&aql=.
516笔者注:指尼共(毛派)。
517See Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.pp.124.-125.
518《尼泊尔和印度商定打击边界恐怖主义》,http://np.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/jmxw/200506/20050600136676.html.
519S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.p.8.
520B.C. Upreti.Maoists in Nepal From Insurgency to Political Mainstream.Delhi:Kalpaz Publications.2008.p.28.
521S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.pp.58-59.
522S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.p.58.
523Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.143.
524Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.148.
525S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.pp.58-59.
526See S.D. Muni.MAOIST INSURGENCY IN NEPAL.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.pp.60.-61.
527S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.p.31.
528笔者注:指尼共(毛派)欢迎印度和美国的调停,愿意与各方协商政治解决尼泊尔的内乱问题。
529《美印紧盯尼泊尔政局变化担心新政府倒向中国》,http://news.sohu.com/20080428/n256562558.shtml.
530Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.146.
531Rupa Co.Indea-Nepal Relation.New Delhi:Obseravtion Research Foundation.2004.p.xxv.
532参见卢远:《相互依存视域下的中国—尼泊尔关系》,《暨南学报》(哲学社会科学版),2010年第4期,第133页。
533Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.11.
534聂运麟:《尼泊尔共产党(毛泽东主义)领导民主革命胜利发展的原因及意义》,《社会主义研究》,2009年第2期,第16页。
535聂运麟:《尼泊尔共产党(毛泽东主义)领导民主革命胜利发展的原因及意义》,《社会主义研究》,2009年第2期,第23页。
536参见[美]Alexander C.Cook著,林育川、邵小文、宋扬编译:《第三世界的“毛主义”》,《现代哲学》,2011年第3期,第43页。
537徐扬:《尼泊尔革命及相关思考》,《现代国际关系》.2008年第12期.第21页。
538Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.pp.36.-37.
539B.C. Upreti.Maoists in Nepal From Insurgency to Political Mainstream.Delhi:KalpazPublications.2008.p.160.
540B.C. Upreti.Maoists in Nepal From Insurgency to Political Mainstream.Delhi:KalpazPublications.2008.p.160.
541S.D. Muni.Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.Rupa. Co..New Delhi.2004.pp.75.-76.
542Indra Mohan Sigdel‘Basanta’.Imperalism and Proletarian Revolution in21st Century.NepalKathmandu.2010.p.159.
543See Anirban Roy.Prachanda-The Unknown Revolutionary. Kathmandu: Mandala Book Point.2008.p.64.
544See Anirban Roy.Prachanda-The Unknown Revolutionary. Kathmandu: Mandala Book Point.2008.p.63.
545Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.p.IV.
546See Anirban Roy.Prachanda-The Unknown Revolutionary. Kathmandu: Mandala Book Point.2008.p.ix.
547B.C. Upreti.Maoists in Nepal From Insurgency to Political Mainstream.Delhi:Kalpaz Publications.2008.p.60.
548《尼共主席:“我想正式访问第一个国家是中国”》,http://news.hsw.cn/system/2007/02/15/005109455.shtml.
549Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.pp.67.-68.
550Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.pp.49.-50.
551陆轶之:《试论尼共(毛)民主革命理论与实践》,《武汉科技大学学报(社会科学版)》,2011年4月,第180页。
552See Rupa Co.Indea-Nepal Relation.New Delhi:Obseravtion Research Foundation.2004.p.4.
553Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.p.58.
554http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/ExternalResource-dny200904001%5e12.aspx.
555See Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.p.59.
556Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.p.59.
557Rupa Co.Indea-Nepal Relation.New Delhi:Obseravtion Research Foundation.2004.p.25.
558Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.pp.57.-58.
559Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.p.105.
560《尼泊尔雇佣兵制度可能终结》,http://news.xinmin.cn/rollnews/2012/02/16/13668257.html.
561李敏:《尼泊尔—印度水资源争端的缘起及合作前景》,《南亚研究》,2011年第4期,第80页。
562贾膺:《尼泊尔和平进程的新阶段对其政局影响探远——尼共(毛主义)加入尼临时政府》,《当代世界》,2007年第5期,33页。
563《尼泊尔毛派表示不反对自由市场经济》,http://np.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/jmxw/200610/20061003501843.html.
564俞文岚主编:《南亚报告》,昆明:云南大学出版社,2009年6月,第203页。
565Prem Kumari Pant.A Half Decade of Peace Process(2005-2010).Its Challenge and Prospects.Nepal.Weekly MirrorPublication Pvt. Ltd.2011.April.P.432.
566《尼泊尔毛派共产党震惊世界》,http://www.cssn.cn/news/323520.htm.
567Rupa Co.Indea-Nepal Relation.New Delhi:Obseravtion Research Foundation.2004.pp.8.-9.
568《专访尼泊尔共产党领袖普拉昌达:我不会重回丛林》,http://www.oeeee.com/a/20080630/603160_1.html。
569Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.pp.63.-64.
570Rupa Co.Indea-Nepal Relation.New Delhi:Obseravtion Research Foundation.2004.p.9.
571《专访尼泊尔共产党领袖普拉昌达:我不会重回丛林》,http://www.oeeee.com/a/20080630/603160_1.html。
572Baburam Bhattarai,http://www.answers.com/topic/baburam-bhattarai#Relation_with_Pushpa_Kamal_Dahal_.28Prachanda.29.
573参见汪亭友:《从武装斗争走向议会道路的尼泊尔共产党(毛主义者)》,《“当代世界社会主义前沿和热点问题”学术研讨会暨2007年当代世界社会主义专业委员会年会论文集》(2007年),第250页。
574布鲁斯·麦斯基塔:《国内政治与国际关系》,《世界经济与政治》,2001年第8期,第66页。
575People's Liberation Army. Nepal,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army._Nepal#Size.
576R.K. Vishwakarma.People’s Power in Nepal. New Delhi.Manak Publications Pvt. Ltd.2006.p.xxiv.
577Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.77.
578See B.C. Upreti.Maoists in Nepal From Insurgency to Political Mainstream.Delhi:KalpazPublications.2008.p.119.
579See People's Liberation Army. Nepal,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army._Nepal.
580《尼泊尔军队整编工作正式开始》,http://military.people.com.cn/GB/42967/16322818.html.
581陆轶之:《试论尼共(毛)民主革命理论与实践》,《武汉科技大学学报(社会科学版)》,2011年第4期,第179页。
582See The Unified Communist Party of Nepal(Maoist),http://www.answers.com/topic/communist-party-of-nepal#People.27s_Liberation_Army.2C_Nepal.
583参见陈硕颖:《2010年世界社会主义发展动态》,《理论探索》2011年第3期,第17页。
584See Rupa Co.Indea-Nepal Relation.New Delhi:Obseravtion Research Foundation.2004.p.17.
585汪亭友:《独树一帜的尼泊尔共产党(毛主义者)——从武装斗争到议会道路》,《国外理论动态》,2009年第2期。
586Observer Rearch Foundation.India-Nepal Relations:The Challenge Ahead.New Delhi,Rupa. Co.2004.pp.101-102.
587Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.p.64.
588参见[美]卡伦.明斯特著,潘忠岐译:《国际关系精要》,上海:上海人民出版社,2007年3月,第59页。
589参见汪亭友:《独树一帜的尼泊尔共产党(毛主义者)——从武装斗争到议会道路》,《世界政党》,2009年第2期,第49页。
590陆轶之:《试论尼共(毛)民主革命理论与实践》,《武汉科技大学学报(社会科学版)》,2011年4月,第177页。
591参见徐扬:《尼泊尔革命及相关思考》,《现代国际关系》,2008年第12期,第20页。
592卢远:《相互依存视域下的中国—尼泊尔关系》,《暨南学报》(哲学社会科学版),2010年第4期,第133页。
593See Nishchal Nath Pandey.Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china.New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors.2005.p.96.
594参见《尼泊尔“毛派”盗用毛主席名字威胁中国边境》,中华网,http://military.china.com/zh_cn/news/568/20020813/11308611.html.
595Nishchal Nath Pandey,Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china,New Delhi:Manohar Publisher&Distributors,2005.p.150.
596卢远:《相互依存视域下的中国—尼泊尔关系》,《暨南学报》(哲学社会科学版),2010年第4期,第133页。
597康绍邦等著:《国际战略新论》,北京:解放军出版社,2006年8月,第333页。
598笔者注:尼泊尔在1961年至1990年近30年间,尼大会党和尼共等党派被禁止活动,但各政党反对君主制和无党派评议会制度的活动一直持续不断。
599See Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.p.92.
600See Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.pp.93.-94.
601See Sushil Raj Pandey.Pushpa Adhikari.Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads. Kathmandu: SangamInstitute.2009.pp.93.-94.
602参见中国新闻网,http://www.chinanews.com/gj/2010/10-26/2612949.shtml。
603参见中国新闻网,http://www.chinanews.com/gj/2011/02-04/2826985.shtml。
604参见中国日报,http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hqgj/jryw/2011-08-29/content_3636588.html。
1.[俄]弗拉季斯拉夫.伊诺泽姆采夫主编,徐向梅译:《民主与现代化:有关21世纪挑战的争论》,北京:中央编译出版社,2011年4月。
2.[法]达里奥.巴蒂斯特拉著,潘革平译:《国际关系理论》,北京:社会科学文献出版社,2010年11月。
3.[加]罗伯特.杰克逊、[丹]乔格.索伦森著,吴勇、宋德星译:《国际关系学理论与方法》,天津:天津人民出版社,2008.5。
4.[美]塞缪尔·亨廷顿著,刘军宁译:《第三波:20世纪后期民主化浪潮》,上海:上海三联书店,1998年。
5.[美]彼得.卡赞斯坦,罗伯特.基欧汉等编,秦亚青等译:《世界政治理论的探索与争鸣》,上海:上海人民出版社,2006年1月。
6.[美]海伦.米尔纳著,曲博译:《利益、制度与信息:国内政治与国际关系》,上海:上海人民出版社,2010年10月。
7.[美]汉斯.摩根索著,徐昕等译:《国家间政治权力斗争与和平》,北京:北京大学出版社,2006年11月。
8.[美]杰克.A.戈德斯通主编,章延杰译:《国家、政党与社会运动》,上海:上海人民出社,2009年11月。
9.[美]卡伦.明斯特著,潘忠岐译:《国际关系精要》,上海:上海世纪出版集团,2007年3月。
10.[美]肯尼思.奥耶编,田野,辛平译:《无政府状态下的合作》,上海:上海人民出版社,2010年7月。
11.[美]利普哈特著,陈崎译:《民主的模式:36个国家的政府形式和政府效绩》,北京:北京大学出版社,2006年11月。
12.[美]罗伯特.基欧汉,米尔纳主编,姜鹏,董素华译:《国际化与国内政治》.北京:北京大学出版社,2003年8月。
13.[美]罗伯特.基欧汉著:《霸权之后世界政治经济中的合作与纷争》,上海:上海人民出版社,2006年1月。
14.[美]罗伯特.杰维斯著、李少军等译:《系统效应:政治与社会生活中的复杂性》,上海:海人民出版社,2008年3月。
15.[美]塞缪尔·亨廷顿著:《文明的冲突与世界秩序的重建》,北京:新华出版社,2003年1月。
16.[美]小约瑟夫.奈著:《理解国际冲突:理论与历史》,上海:上海人民出版社,2009年7月。
17.[美]亚历山大.温特著,秦亚青译:《国际政治的社会理论》,上海:上海人民出版社,2008年1月。
18.[美]约瑟夫.奈著.《硬权力与软权力》,北京:北京大学出版社,2005年10月。
19.[美]朱迪斯.戈尔茨坦,罗伯特O.基欧汉编,刘东国,于军译:《观念与外交政策:信念、制度与政治变迁》,北京:北京大学出版社,2005年2月。
20.[美]乔万尼.阿吉瑞等著:《现代世界体系的混沌与治理》,北京:三联书店,2003年1月。
21.[尼]乌彭德拉·高坦(Upendra Gautam)主编:《尼泊尔与中国的关系:迈向新的融合》,中国国际友好协会,2005年。
22.[尼]巴兰詹.巴特拉伊著,刘建等译:《尼泊尔与中国》,天津:天津人民出版社,2007年1月。
23.[印]杰伦.兰密施著、蔡枫、董方峰译:《理解CHINDIA——关于中国与印度的思考》,银川:宁夏人民出版社,2006年9月。
24.[英]巴里.布赞,[丹]奥利.维夫著,潘忠岐等译,《地区安全复合体与国际安全结构》,上海:上海人民出版社,2010年1月。
25.[英]巴里.布赞等著,刘德斌译,《世界历史中的国际体系——国际关系研究的再建构》,北京:高等教育出版社,2004年4月。
26.[英]克里斯托弗.希尔著,唐小松等译,《变化中的对外政策政治》,上海:上海人民出版社,2007年7月。
27.[英]休.希顿.沃顿.沃森著,吴洪英、黄群译:《民族与国家——对民族起源与民族主义政治的探讨》.北京:中央民族大学出版社,2009年1月。
28.Khailid Koser著、吴周放译:《国际移民》,南京:译林出版社,2009年11月。
29.程玉海,张祥云主编:《国际共运史与社会主义研究专辑》(2011年卷),北京:中央编译出版社,2011年7月。
30.程玉海、林建华等著:《世界社会主义共产主义运动新论》(上册),北京:人民出版社,2010年。
31.楚树龙著:《国际关系基本理论》,北京:清华大学出版社,2003年8月。
32.邓常春:《南亚次大陆经济发展与区域安全》,成都:四川大学出版社,2009年1月。
33.古洪能等编著:《比较政治制度》,武汉:武汉大学出版社,2010年11月。
34.胡志勇著:《冷战时期南亚国际关系》,北京:新华出版社,2009年4月。
35.胡宗山著:《国际关系理论方法论研究》,北京:世界知识出版社,2007年3月。
36.姜玉洪著:《印度文化模式研究》,北京:人民出版社,2008年7月。
37.康绍邦、宫力著:《国际战略新论》,北京:解放军出版社,2006年8月。
38.刘雪莲著:《政治与全球化》.北京:中国社会科学出版社,2011年3月。
39.罗祖栋主编:《当代尼泊尔》,成都:四川人民出版社,2000年。
40.马孆著:《当代印度外交》,上海:上海人民出版社,2007年12月。
41.倪世雄著:《当代西方国际关系理论》,上海:复旦大学出版社,2007年12月。
42.聂运麟等著:《当代资本主义国家共产党:低潮中的奋进、变革与转型》,北京:社会科学出版社,2007年11月。
43.祁刚利著:《政党民主论》,北京:中央编译出版社,2011年1月。
44.施雪华著:《政治现代化比较研究》,武汉:武汉大学出版社,2006年1月。
45.宋新宁、陈岳著:《国际政治经济学概论》,北京:中国人民大学出版社,1999年12月。
46.孙士海、江亦丽著:《二战后南亚国家对外关系研究》,北京:方志出版社,2007年11月。
47.王宏纬主编:《尼泊尔》,北京:社会科学文献出版社,2004年3月。
48.王宏纬著:《尼泊尔——人民和文化》,北京:昆仑出版社,2007年6月。
49.王韶兴主编:《政党政治论》,济南:山东人民出版社,2011年1月。
50.熊文驰、马俊主编:《大国发展与国际道义》,上海:上海人民出版社,2009年11月。
51.许耀桐,胡叔宝,胡灿芝等著:《政治文明:理论与实践发展分析》,北京:中央编译出版社,2006年9月。
52.阎学通,阎梁著:《国际关系分析》,北京:北京大学出版社,2008年9月。
53.杨翠柏主编:《南亚政治发展与宪政研究》,成都:巴蜀书社,2010年1月。
54.俞文岚主编:《南亚报告》,昆明:云南大学出版社,2009年6月。
55.张传鹤著:《全球视野下的民主社会主义研究》,北京:中共中央党校出版社,2009年5月。
56.张贵洪著:《超越均势:冷战后的美国南亚安全战略》,杭州:浙江大学出版社,2007年10月。
57.张世英著:《哲学导论》,北京:北京大学出版社,2002年1月。
58.张蕴岭著:《中国与周边国家:建立新型伙伴关系》,北京:社会科学文献出版社,2008年2月。
59.张中云主编:《国际共产主义运动史》,北京:中共中央党校出版社,1999年3月。(二)中文论文
1.[美]Alexander C.Cook撰文,林育川、邵小文、宋扬编译:《第三世界的“毛主义”》,《现代哲学》,2011年第3期。
2.[尼]帕尔玛南德、王士录:《尼泊尔的印度侨民与印度的尼泊尔侨民——民族融合问题》,《世界民族》,1988年第1期。
3.[印]帕尔玛南德:《尼泊尔的印度侨民与印度的尼泊尔侨民民族融合问题》,《世界民族》,1988年第1期。
4.布鲁斯·麦斯基塔:《国内政治与国际关系》,《世界经济与政治》,2001年第8期。
5.陈硕颖:《2010年世界社会主义发展动态》,《理论探索》2011年第3期。
6.程玉海:《“国际共产主义运动”:概念的由来与演变的新考察》,《当代世界与社会主义》,2009年第1期。
7.单小桐:《从普拉昌达辞职着尼泊尔政局现状与走向》,《当代世界》,2009年第6期.
8.郭家宏:《20世纪南亚民族主义的发展及其特征》,《世界经济与政治论坛》,2007年第2期。
9.何朝荣:《普拉昌达选集》简介,《国外理论动态》,2009年第1期。
10.胡为雄:《尼泊尔联邦民主共和国与“毛主义”道路》,《国际关系学院学报》,2008年第5期。
11.贾膺:《尼泊尔和平进程的新阶段对其政局影响探远——尼共(毛主义)加入尼临时政府》,《当代世界》,2007年第5期。
12.匡萃坚:《马克思的“革命”观》,《马克思主义研究》,1983年第2期。
13.蓝建学:《21世纪的中国-尼泊尔关系:国家利益的视角》,《南亚研究》,2009年第4期。
14.蓝建学:《尼共(毛主义)是什么主义》,《人民论坛》,2008年第9期。
15.蓝建学:《水资源安全和中印关系》,《南亚研究》,2008年第2期。
16.李敏:《尼泊尔—印度水资源争端的缘起及合作前景》,《南亚研究》,2011年第4期。
17.李涛,戴永红:《尼泊尔政局与中国的策略选择》,《南亚研究季》,2010年3期。
18.龙柏林:《关注全球化背景下意识形态和价值重构》,《国际学术动态》,2010年第1期。
19.龙兴春,楼春豪:《尼泊尔政局现状及前景》,《现代国际关系》,2009年第9期。
20.卢晓昆:《论尼泊尔与印度的关系及其发展趋势》,《东南亚南亚研究》,2009年第4期。
21.卢远:《尼泊尔共产党(毛派)的缘起及发展——从尼共名称流变的视角》,《暨南学报》(哲学社会科学版),2012年第2期。
22.卢远:《相互依存视域下的中国-尼泊尔关系》,《暨南学报》(哲学社会科学版),2010年第4期。
23.陆轶之:《试论尼共(毛)民主革命理论与实践》,《武汉科技大学学报(社会科学版)》,2011年第4期。
24.孟鑫:《当前国际共产主义运动发展状况和趋势分析》,《当代世界与社会主义》,2010年第6期。
25.聂运麟:《尼泊尔共产党(毛泽东主义)领导民主革命胜利发展的原因及意义》,《社会主义研究》,2009年第2期。
26.石翼飞、何涛:《西方及尼泊尔视域中的“毛主义”》,《兰州学刊》,2008年第11期。
27.斯文:《试述尼泊尔经济发展的成就及其原因》,《南亚研究季刊》,2001第3期。
28.宋德星:《南亚地缘政治构造与印度的安全战略》,《南亚研究》,2004年第1期。
29.宋德星:《现实主义取向与道德尺度——论印度战略文化的二元特征》,《南亚研究》2008年第1期。
30.宋海啸:《印度在尼印边界问题上的政策分析》,《南亚研究季刊》,2010年第3期。
31.宋志辉、谢代刚:《20世纪90年代以来尼泊尔政局持续动荡原因探析》,《四川大学报(哲学社会科学版)》,2008年第2期。
32.汪亭友、王剑:《尼泊尔制宪会议选举及尼共(毛)胜选后的政策趋向》,《当代世界社会主义问题》,2008年第2期。
33.汪亭友、张培、段玉:《马拉松式的尼泊尔总理选举——兼析统一尼共(毛)领导人落选的原因》,《科学社会主义》,2011年第5期.
34.汪亭友:《从武装斗争走向议会道路的尼泊尔共产党(毛主义者)》,《武汉科技大学学报(社会科学版)》,2011年第2期。
35.汪亭友:《独树一帜的尼泊尔共产党(毛主义者)——从武装斗争到议会道路》,《国外理论动态》,2009年第2期。
36.王菲易:《国际化、制度化与民主化——韩国政治发展与转型的国际因素研究》,复旦大学博士学位论文,2009年10月。
37.王宏纬:《努力建设中尼世代友好的睦邻伙伴关系》,《南亚研究》,1997年第2期。
38.王伟、蓝建学:《尼共(毛派):从丛林走向议会》,《世界知识》,2007年第3期。
39.王艳芬、汪诗明:《冷战以来美国与尼泊尔的关系》,《南亚研究》,2009年第1期.
40.王宗:《尼泊尔-印度经贸关系初探》,《南亚研究季刊》,1999年第2期。
41.文荬:《共和:尼泊尔百年王朝的终结》,《中国社会导刊》,2008年第13期。
42.吴永年:《沉重的翅膀—在贫困中求发展的尼泊尔经济》,《国际观察》,2000年第2期。
43.吴永年:《论尼共(毛派)从暴力革命向和平民主的转变》,《南亚研究》,2009年第4期。
44.吴兆礼:《尼泊尔—印度关系:传统与现实》,《南亚研究》,2010年第1期。
45.谢士法、刑红梅:《游走于中印之间:尼泊尔对外政策的基本走向》,《当代世界》,2010年第7期。
46.徐亮.《以博弈论审视尼泊尔外交“有限中立政策”到“严格中立政策”的转变——尼泊尔毛派严格外交中立政策对中国在南亚地区战略收益的影响》,《河北经贸大学学报》,2009年第3期。
47.徐扬:《尼泊尔革命及相关思考》,《现代国际关系》,2008年第12期。
48.徐扬:《尼泊尔共产主义运动的发展及其特点》,《当代世界社会主义问题》,2008年第3期。
49.杨柳、尹青:《从武装革命到议会斗争——尼共(毛)上台执政的历史条件》,《科教文汇》,2009年第1期。
50.张贵洪:《中印关系的确定性和不确定性》,《南亚研究》,2010年第1期。
51.张惠兰:《尼泊尔传统文化的特点》,《当代亚太》,2000年第11期。
52.郑汕:《印度民族主义的特征及世界性影响》,《和平与发展》,2010年第6期。
53.钟华平,王建生,杜朝阳:《印度水资源及其开发利用情况分析》,《南水北调与水利科技》,2011年第1期。
1. Ananda P. Srestha,Hari Uprety,Democracy Post-conflict Govermance and NationalSecurity,Kathmandu,Nepal:Nepal Foundation for Advanced Studies,2009.
2. Anil Giri, Nepal Wants India to Build East-West Railway Line, The KathmanduPost, Aug.10,2008.
3. Anirban Roy,Prachanda,Kathmandu,Nepal,Mandala Book Point,2008.
4. Anirban Roy,Prachanda-The Unknown Revolutionary, Kathmandu: Mandala BookPoint,2008.
5. Annual Journal,The Nepal Councile of World Affairs, Kathmandu Nepal,1998.
6. Annual Journal,The Nepal Councile of World Affairs, Kathmandu Nepal,2000.
7. Annual Journal,The Nepal Councile of World Affairs, KathmanduNepal,2001-2002.
8. Annual Journal,The Nepal Councile of World Affairs, KathmanduNepal,2005-2006.
9. Annual Journal,The Nepal Councile of World Affairs, KathmanduNepal,2007-2008.
10. Annual Journal,The Nepal Councile of World Affairs, Kathmandu Nepal,2008-2009.
11. Annual Journal,The Nepal Councile of World Affairs, Kathmandu Nepal,2009-2010.
12. Arjun Karki,David Seddon, The People's War in Nepal, New Delhi:AdroitPublishers,2003.
13. Asia Report No.104,Nepal’s Maoists:Their Aims,Structure and Strategy,October27,2005.
14. AvtarSingh Bhasin ed.,Nepal-India, Nepal-China Relations: Documents1947-June2005,New Delh:: Geetika Publishers,2005.
15. B. C. Upreti, Maoist in Nepal from Insurgency to Political Mainstream,Delhi:Kalpaz Publiciations,2008.
16. B. C. Ureti, Uneasy Friends (Readings on Indo-Nepal Relations),Delhi:Kalinga Publications,2001.
17. B.C. Upreti, Maoist in Nepal from Insurgency to Political Mainstream,Delhi:Kalpaz Publiciations,2008.
18. B.C. Upreti,Nepal:Transition to Democractic Republican State,Delhi,KalpazPublication,2010.
19. B. R.Bajracharya, S. R. Sharma, S. R. Bakshi, Foreign policy of Nepal, NewDelhi: Anmol Publiciations Pvt. Ltd.,1993.
20. B.R. Bajracharya,S.R. Sharma,S.R. Bakshi,Modernization in Nepal,NewDelhi:Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd.,1993.
21. Baral, L. S,INDIA AND NEPAL, International Studies, Jul1978, Vol.17Issue3/4,.
22. Baral, Lok Raj,India-Nepal relations,Asian Survey, Sep1992, Vol.32Issue
9.
23. Baral, Lok Raj,India-Nepal relations,Asian Survey,Septemper1992,Vol.32.
24. Baral, Lok Raj,India-Nepal relations.,Asian Survey, Sep92, Vol.32Issue9.
25. BARBARA CROSSETTE, Nepal and India Move Close to Ending Dispute.,New YorkTimes;2/23/1990, p8.
26. Bhuwan Lal Joshi and Leo E. Rose,Democratic Innovations in Nepal, MandalaPublications,2004.
27. Birendra Prasad Mishra,Rebuliding Nepal, Katnmandu, Nepal: Bhrikuti AcademicPublications,2007.
28. Birendra Prasad Mishra, The Nepalese Peace Process, Kathmandu,Nepal,FinePrintInc.,2009.
29. Bishnu P. Poudel, Hari Bansh Jha, The New Dynamics of conflict in Nepal,Nepal:The National advisory council-South Asian Affairs and The Center forEconomic and Technical Studies,2009.
30. Bishnu P. Poudel, Hari Bansh Jha,The New Dynamics of conflict in Nepal,Nepal,The National advisory council-South Asian Affairs and The Center forEconomic and Technical Studies,2009.
31. Bishnu Raj Upreti,Sagar Raj Sharma, Jagat Basnet, Land Politics and Conflictin Nepal, Katnmandu,Nepal:Community Self Reliance Center, South Asia Regionalcoordination Office of NCGR, Human and Natural Resources Studies Center,Kathmandu University,2008.
32. Bishnu Raj Upreti,Sagar Raj Sharma, Jagat Basnet, Land Politics and Conflictin Nepal, Katnmandu,Nepal:Community Self Reliance Center, South Asia Regionalcoordination Office of NCGR, Human and Natural Resources StudiesCenter,Kathmandu University,2008.
33. Bishnu Raj Upreti,Armed conflict and Peace Process in Nepal. New Delhi:AdroitPiblishers,2006.
34. Bishnu Raj Upreti,Nepal-from War to Peace, New Delhi, Adroit Publishers,2009.
35. Bista, Dor Bahadur, Fatalism and Development: Nepal's Struggle forModernisation, Patna: Orient Longman,1991(2nd edn1999).
36. Bohara, Alok K., Neil J. Mitchell, and Mani. Opportunity, Democracy, and theExchange of Political Violence: A Sub-National Analysis of Conflict in Nepal.Journal of Conflict Resolution50(1),Nepal.2006.
37. Bray, John, Leiv Lunde, and S. Mansoob Murshed,“Economic Drivers in Nepal'sMaoist Insurgency,” in KarenBallentine and JakeSherman (eds), Beyond Greedand Grievance, Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner,2003.
38. Buddhi Narayan Shrestha,Boder Management of Nepal,Bhumichitra Co. P.Ltd.,Nepal,Kathmandu,2003.
39.Chuda Bahadur Shrestha, Nepal coping with Maoist insurgency, Kathmandu,Nepal:Chetana Lokshum,2004.
40. Dbruba Kumar,Electoral Violence and Volatility in Nepal, Kathmandu,Nepal:Vajra Publications,2010.
41. Deepak Thapa,Understanding The Maoist Movement of Nepal,Kathmandu,Nepal,2007.
42. Deepak Thapa,Understanding The Maoist Movement of Nepal,Kathmandu,MartinChautaro and Center for Social Research and Development,2003.
43. Deepk Thapa, Bandita Sijapati,A kingdom Under Siege(Nepal's MaoistInsugency,1996-2003), Nepal Kathmandu,2003.
44. Dinesh Bhattarai, Pradip Khatiwada, Nepal India, New Delhi,NiralaPublications,1993.
45. Dipak Sapkota, The Years of Upheaval, Kathmandu, Nepal:RevolutionaryJouralist Association Central Committee,2010.
46. Dor Bahadur Bista, People of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal:Ratna PustakBhandar,2004.
47. DR. Harka Gurung, From Exclusion to Inclusion: Socio-Political Agenda for Nepal,Kathmandu, Nepal: Social Inclusion Reearch Fund,2006.
48. Dr. Rabindra Khanal,Dr. Pushpa Adhikari, National security of Nepal,Kathmandu,Nepal,Sangam Institute,2009.
49. Dr. Shastra Dutta Pant, Continuous Interference, Kathmandu,Shastra Dutta PantInstitute for Rural Development (SIRUD),2004.
50. Dr. Shastra Dutta Pant, Illusion of Independence, Kathmandu: Shastra DuttaPant Institute for Rural Development (SIRUD),2009.
51. Dr. Shastra Duttta Pant, Comparative Constitutions of Nepal,Kathmandu, Nepal:Sirud,2001.
52. Dr.Shastra Dutta Pant,Nepal-India Boder Problems, Kathmandu, Shastra DuttaPant Institute for Rural Development (SIUD),2006.
53. ESP, Enabling State Programme: Pro-Poor Governance Assessment in Nepal,Kathmandu: Polyimage,2001.
54. Institute of Foreign Affairs,Foreign policy of Nepal, Kathmandu,Nepal,2009.
55. Gautam, Shobha, Women&Children in the Periphery of People's War, Kathmandu:Institute of Human Rights Communication Nepal (IHRICON),2001.
56. Girijia Prasad Rajbamsi,Democracy,Nationalism and Nepal India Relationship,Kathmandu,SIRUD,1991.
57. Gopal P.Pokharel,Anjan Shakya,Ballav Dahal,Foreign Policy of Nepal-Challengesand Opportunities, Institute of Foreign Affairs,2009.
58. Govinda Raj Bhattarai,Stories of Conflict and War,Kathmandu,Nepal,2007.
59. Hadka, Narayan,THE CRISIS IN NEPAL-INDIA RELATIONS,Journal of South Asian&Middle Eastern Studies, Jul1991, Vol.15Issue1.
60. Harka Gurung,From Exclusion to Inclusion,Social Inclusion ResearchFund,Kathmandu,2007.
61. India’s Naxalite Rebellion:The red heart of India,The Economist,London,TheEconomist Newspaper Limited,November5,2009.
62. India-Nepal Relations-The challenge Ahead, Observer Research Foudation,2004.
63. Indra Mohan Sigdel Basanta, Imperalism and proletarian revolution in the21thcentury, Kathmandu: International Bureau, UCPN(Maoist),2010.
64. Institute of Foreign Affairs(IFA),Statements and Declarations of SAARC,Kathmandu,Nepal,2010.
65. Institute of Foreign Affairs,Foreign policy of Nepal,Kathmandu,Nepal,2009.
66. International Bureau of Unifed Communist Partyof nepal(Maoist), MaoistInformation Bulletin, Nepal,June,7,2010.
67. Jagadish Sharma, Nepal Struggle for Existence, Kathmandu, CommunicationsIncorporated at Gorkhapatra Sansthan Press,1986.
68. Jan Sharma, Nepal-Japan Relations time for strategic partnership, Kathmandu,Nepal,Shree-Basudev Guthi,2010.
69. Jim Yardley, Maoist Rebels Widen Deadly Reach Across India,The New YorkTimes,October31,2009.
70. Joshi, Madhav, and T. David Mason.Between Democracy and Revolution: PeasantSupport for Insurgency Versus Democracy in Nepal. Journal of Peace Research45(6),2008.
71. Kailash Pyakuryal, Kathryn March, Bipin Acharya, Nepal in Conflict,Kathmandu,Nepal,Sociological/Anthropological Society of Nepal,2007.
72. Karen Ballentine,Jake Sherman,The Political Economy of Armed Conflict:BeyondGreed and Grievance,USA,Lynne Rienner Publisher,2003.
73. Karki, Arjun K., The Politics of Poverty and Movements from Below in Nepal,doctoral dissertation, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK,2001.
74. Khadka, Narayan. Democracy and Development in Nepal: Problems and Prospects.Pacific Affairs,1993.
75. Krishna Hachhethu, Party Building in Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal,Mandala BookPoint,2002.
76. Krishna Sen Memorial Publication Pvt. Ltd.,The Red Star,Vol-3,Issue-13,1-15May,2010.
77. Laurent Gayer,Christophe Jaffrelot, Armed Militicas of South Asia,UK,C.Hurst&Co. Ltd.,2009.
78. Lawoti, Mahendra.Towards a Democratic Nepal: Inclusive Political Institutionsfor a Multicultural Society. Thousand Oaks, CA,Sage Publications,2005.
79. Lok Raj Baral, Looking to the Future(Indo-Nepal Relations in Perspective),New Delhi:Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd.,1996.
80. Lok Raj Baral, Nepal Political Parties and Parliament, New Delhi,AdroitPublishers,2004.
81. Lok Raj Baral, Nepal Quest for Participatory Democracy, New Delhi,AdroitPublishers,2006.
82. Lok Raj Baral,Looking to the Future(Indo-Nepal Relations in Perspective), NewDelhi,Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd.,1996.
83. Lok Raj Baral,Nepal Facets of Maoist Insurgency,New Delhi,AdroitPublishers,2006.
84. Lok Raj Baral,Nepal Quest for Participatory Democracy, New Delhi,AdroitPublishers,2006.
85. Lok Raj Baral,Political Parties and Parliament,Adroit Publishers,NewDelhi,2010.
86. M. D. Dharamdasani,Nepal's Foregin Policy, New Delhi: J. L. Kumar for AnmolPubliciations Pvt. Ltd.,2005.
87. M. R. Josse, Nepal and The World (Vol.1), Kathmandu, Nepal: Josse,1984.
88. Mahatma Gandhi University,Indian Journal of Politics and InternationalRelations,Indian,Ijpair,Vol.1,January-June,2008.
89. Mahebdra Lawoti,Anup K.Pahari,The Maoist Insurgency in Nepal:Revolution inthe Twenty-first Century, Abingdon, Oxon,New York, Routledge,2010.
90. Michal Hutt,Himalayan People’s War:Nepal’s Maoist Rebellion,USA,IndianaUniveraity Press,2004.
91. Mishra R,Indins role in Nepal's maoist insurgency, SEP-OCT2004,ASIANSURVEY,Vol.5.
92. Mohan Bikram Singh, Two-Line Struggle Within RIM, Kathmandu,Nepal,Yuga-JyotiPublication,2009.
93. Mohan Lohani.Nepal-China Relations in the21st Century,The Rising Nepal,August1,2000.
94. Murshed, S. Mansoob, and Scott Gates. Spatial-Horizontal Inequality and theMaoist Insurgency in Nepal. Review of Developmental Economies9(1),2005.
95. Nagenara KR. Singh, Nepalese Economy and India, New Delhi,Anmol PublicationsPvt. Ltd.,1997.
96. Nagenra Kr. Singh, Nepal and the British India, New Delhi,Anmol PublicationsPvt. Ltd.,1996.
97. Narayan Khadka, Foreign Aid and Foreign Policy Major Powers and Nepal,Delhi:Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.,1997.
98. Nepal Council of World Affair,Indo-Nepal EconomicCooperatiom,Kathmandu,Nepal,March10,2005.
99. New York Times, Nepal: Don't Rile Big Neighbor.5/16/2001.
100.New York Times,Indian's Words Sting Nepal.1/1/2001.
101.Nishchal N. Pandey, Keshav Raj Jha, Bishwa Keshar Maskay, Nepal and the UnitedNations, Kathmandu, Nepal,Institute of Foreign Affairs, Nepal Council of WorldAffairs, United Nations Association of Nepal,2005.
102.Nishchal N. Pandey, Labor issues and foreign Policy, Kathmandu,Nepal,Institute of Foreign Affairs,2005.
103.Nishchal N. Pandey, Nepal-China Relation, Kathmandu, Nepal,Institute ofForeign Affairs,2005.
104.Nishchal N. Pandey, Nepal-Japan Relations, Kathmandu, Nepal,Institute ofForeign Afairs(IFA),2006.
105.Nishchal N. Pandey,Keshav Raj Jha,Bishwa Keshar Maskay,Nepal and the UnitedNations,Kathmandu,Nepal:Institute of Foreign Affairs,2005.
106.Nishchal Nath Pandey,Nepal’s Maoist and Implication for India and china,NewDelhi,Manohar Publisher&Distributors,2005.
107.Nishchal Nath Pandey,RCSS policy studies27-Nepal's maoist movement andimplications for indai and china,New Delhi,2005.
108.Observer Research Foundation, India-Nepal Relations, New Delhi,Rupa.Co.,2004.
109.P.V. Ramana,The Naxal Challenge:Casuses,Linkages and PolicyOptions,India,Delhi,Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd.,2008.
110.Pasang,Red Stride of the History,Kathmandu,Nepal:2008.
111.Pathak, Bishnu,Politics of People's War and Human Rights in Nepal.Kathmandu,BIMIPA Publication,2005.
112.Pathak, Bishnu,Politics of People's War and Human Rights in Nepal. Kathmandu:BIMIPA Publication.2005.
113.Prabin Manandhar and David Seddon, In Hope and In Fear Living Through thepeople’s.War in Nepal,New Delhi:Adroit Publisher,2010.
114.Prakash A. Raj,The Dancing Democracy-The Power of the Third Eye,Rupa Co.,NewDelhi,2006.
115.Prakasha. Raj, Maoist in the Land of Buddha, New Delhi,NirakaPublications,2004.
116.Prem Kumari Pant, Shanker Thpa, Buddhism, Kathmandu Nepal,Nepal ChinaSociety,2010.
117.Prem Kumari Pant,A Half Decade of Peace Process(2005-2010):Its Challenge andProspects,Nepal,Weekly Mirror Publication Pvt. Ltd,2011.
118.Prem Kumari Pant,Shanker Thapa,Buddhism:The Icon of Cultural Linkage withChina,Katnmandu,Nepal,Nepal China Society,2010.
119.Prof. Sushil Raj Pandey,Dr. Pushpa Adhikari, Nepalese foreign policy and thecrossroad, Kathmandu,Nepal,Sangam Institute,2009.
120.R. K. Vishwakarma, People's power in Nepal, New Delhi: Manak PublicationsPvt. Ltd.,2006.
121.R.M.Anwar.Maoist naxalite Movement in India,The Weekly Mirror,2009.11.6.
122.Rajeev Sharma,India backs Nepalese parties on restoring democracy,TribuneNews Service,2006.
123.Ram Dayal Rakesh, Murder of Madhesh, Kathmandu, Nepal,SAFARI Nepal,2007.
124.Rama S. Lohani Chase,Women and Gender in the Maoist People’s War inNepal:Militarism and Dislocation,USA,Rutger University,2008.
125.Ramakant B.C Upreti:India-Nepal Relations Aspects of InterdependentRelations,. Kaling publications,2001.
126.Regmi, Mahesh C,Land Ownership in Nepal. Berkeley, CA,University of CaliforniaPress,1976.
127.Regmi, Mahesh C.1976. Land Ownership in Nepal. Berkeley, CA: University ofCalifornia Press.2001.
128.Revolutionary Journalist Association Central Committee,The Years ofUpheaval,Kathmandu:2010.
129.RSN Singh,The Unmaking of Nepal,USA,Lancer International Inc.,2010.
130.S.D.Muni, Maoist Insurgency in Nepal:The Challenge and the response, NewDelhi:Rupa. Co.,2004.
131.Sanjay Upadhya, America pushes for democracy in Nepal-Nepalese king mustseek reconciliation with parties.Himalayan Times,2005.
132.Satya Prakash Dash,Naxal movement and state power: with special referenceof Orissa,Prabhar Kumar Sharma for Sarup&Sons,Delhi,2006.
133.Sebastian von Einsedel,David M. Malone,Suman Pardhan,Nepal in Transition fromPeople’s War to Fragile Peace,New York,Cambridge Unoversity Press,2012.
134.Shastra Dutta Pant, Machination of Raw in South Asia, Kathmandu: ShastraDutta Pant Institute for Rural Development (SIRUD),2005.
135.Shastra Dutta Pant,Comparative Constitutions of Nepal,Kathmandu,SIRUD,2001.
136.Shastra Dutta Pant,Illusion of Independence,Institute of RuralDevelopment(SIRUD), Kathmandu,2009.
137.Statement and Delecractions of SAARC(1985-2010),Institute of ForeignAffairs,Kathmandu,Nepal,2010.
138.Subedi, Surya P,India-Nepal security relations and the1950treaty,AsianSurvey, Mar1994, Vol.34,Issue3.
139.Subrata K. Mitra,Political Parties in South Asia, The Nepali Congress in theDemocraticMovement,New Delhi,Praeger Publishers,2006.
140.Sudhindra Sharm. Pawan Kumar Sen,Nepal: Contemporary Political Situation.Opinion Poll Report,2007.
141.Surya P. Subedi, Dynamics of Foreign Policy and Law (A Study of Indo-NepalRelations), New Delhi: Oxford University Press,2005.
142.Surya P. Subedi, Dynamics of Foreign Policy and Law (A Study of Indo-NepalRelations), New Delhi: Oxford University Press,2005.
143.Susan I. Hangen, The Rise of Ethnic Politics in Nepal, New Delhi,2010.
144.Sushil Raj Pandey,Pushpa Adhikari,Nepalese Foreign Policy at the Crossroads,Kathmandu: Sangam Institute,2009.
145.T. R. Vaidya,B. R. Bajracharya, Nepal Adminstration and Social Reform, NewDelhi,Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd.,1996.
146.T. R. Vaidya,B. R. Bajracharya, Nepal Government and Party Politics, NewDelhi,Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd.,1996.
147.The Weekly Mirror, nepal,Kathmandu,2008-2009.
148.Uddhab P. Pyakurel, Maoist Movement in Nepal:A Sociological Perspective, NewDelhi,Adroit Publishers,2007.
149.UNDP, Human Development Reports, Nepal, Kathmandu (2001and1998).
150.Upendra Gautam, Nepal and China: Sustaining GNP Framework,Today(Nepal),Vol.19, No.5,2001.
151.Upendra Gautam, China, The United States and Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal: ChinaStudy Center (CSC),2004.
152.V. K. Manandhar, Culture and Political Aspects of Nepal-China Relations,Kathmandu,Nepal,1999.
153.Vijay Kumar Manandhar, A Comprehensive History of Nepal-China Relations(Vol.1), New Delhi: Adroit Publishers,2004.
154.Whelpton, John. A History of Nepal. UK, Cambridge University Press,2005.
155.Yadu Nath Khanal,Nepal after Democracy Revolution,Kathmandu Nepal,1996.
156.Yagya Bahadur Hamal,Ecology of Nepal’s Foreign Policy,New Delhi,RS.RitaHamal,2010.
157.Zoya Hasan, Parties and Party Politics in Inda, UK,Oxford UniversityPress,2002.
1.尼泊尔信息服务中心网:http://www.inseconline.org
2.新德里研究会网:http://www.india-seminar.com
3.尼泊尔共和网:http://www.myrepublica.com w.ekantipur.com/portal
4.尼泊尔研究网:http://www.nepalresearch.com
5.尼泊尔新闻网:http://www.nepalnews.com
6.美国《国家地理》网:http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com
7.世界银行网: http://www.worldbank.org
8.尼泊尔电讯网:http://telegraphnepal.com
9.维基网: http://en.wikipedia.org
10.尼泊尔联合共产党(毛派)网站:http://www.ucpnmintl.org
11.尼泊尔贸易联合会网:http://www.antuf.org.np
12.尼共(毛派)主席普拉昌达网:http://www.cmprachanda.com
13.尼共(毛派)副主席巴特拉伊网:http://www.baburambhattarai.com
14.尼泊尔拉利特普尔在线网:http://www.greatwayonline.com
15.加德满都邮报网:http://www.ekantipur.com/the-kathmandu-post
16.尼泊尔喜马拉雅时报网:http://www.thehimalayantimes.com
17.尼泊尔新闻网:http://www.nepalnews.com
18.美国芝加哥革命报网:http://www.rwor.org
19.尼泊尔时代周刊网:http://www.nepalitimes.com
20.中国驻尼泊尔大使馆经济商务参赞处网:http://np.mofcom.gov.cn
21.人民网:http://world.people.com.cn
22.中国新闻网,http://www.chinanews.com。
23.中国社科院亚太研究网:http://iaps.cass.cn/news/111636.htm
24.中国日报网:http://www.chinadaily.com.cn