摘要
水土流失是一个全球性的环境问题,治理水土流失是改善总体生态环境的措施之一,有着重要的意义。要防治水土流失,就必须开展各种保护治理措施,土壤流失量的估算不仅是确定各种措施方案的必要依据,也是制定水土保持规划的基础,而土壤侵蚀模型是对土壤侵蚀量进行合理测算的有效途径。
遥感在大尺度生态资源环境监测方面具有快速、直观、监测区域广等优点,随着遥感技术的发展,获取遥感信息的新型传感器不断涌现,也由单一传感器发展到多传感器,由各种不同传感器获取的同一地区多光谱、多分辨率、多时相的图像数据越来越多,为自然资源调查、环境监测等众多领域提供了丰富而又宝贵的资料。处理和充分利用多源遥感海量数据的遥感影像融合技术也日趋成为国际遥感领域的研究热点。本文系统综述了遥感影像融合的产生及发展过程,介绍了常用融合算法的基本原理、遥感影像融合的应用及评价指标。
中分辨率成像光谱仪MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)是EOS(Earth Observing System)系列极轨卫星上携带的先进的主要探测仪之一,是当前世界上新一代“图谱合一”的光学遥感仪器。EOS/MODIS具有分布在从可见光、近红外到热红外的电磁波谱范围内(0.4-14μm)的36个光谱通道,大大增强了对地球复杂系统的观测能力和对地表类型的识别能力,因此MODIS数据在全球资源、环境、气候变化等相关领域存在巨大的应用和开发价值。本文就是基于MODIS数据进行水土流失监测的研究,目的是建立基于MODIS数据融合的水土流失监测系统。
本文以湖北省为例,实现了一种基于MODIS影像的水土流失强度快速估算的监测方法。系统使用解译后的TM遥感数据提取土地利用类型信息,利用MODIS植被指数模型提取湖北省植被覆盖度图,利用数字高程模型数据(DEM)生成坡度图,最后结合土壤侵蚀强度分级指标,将坡度图与土地利用状况图和植被覆盖度图进行叠加,生成土壤侵蚀强度等级图。在小范围上,利用TM影像和MODIS影像融合所得到高空间分辨率的MODIS影像,生成小范围的土壤侵蚀强度等级图,实现MODIS数据对小范围区域水土流失的监测。系统通过对不同时期遥感影像的应用,实现了对研究区域水土流失状况的动态监测,为相关部门制定各种措施方案提供必要依据。
Soil erosion is one of global environmental problems, fathering water and soil losses is one of important measures for improving the ecological environment, this have very important signification. For preventing the soil erosion, people must actualize various precautionary and father measures. the assess of soil erosion is not only the necessary evidence of measure ,but also the foundation of establishing the water and soil conservation programming, and the soil erosion model is an effective method to calculate the quantity of soil erosion .
Following the development of modern remote sensing technology, many new pattern sensors come into being, and run to multi-sensor from single sensor. Now, more and more Multi-spectral, multi-resolution and multi-temporal Image data can be obtained by various sensors on the same district, these sensors provide abundant and precious data for natural resource survey, environment monitoring and many other fields. Remote sensing is rapid, Intuitionistic on monitoring ecological environment in big scale, and the research on multi-source information fusion for remote sensing images are becoming more and more attracting in recent years, images fusion is one of the most effective ways of exploiting remote sensing images. This paper present the development of remote sensing image fusion, the rationale of some fusion arithmetic, evaluation index of image fusion applications, and point some problems in remote sensing image fusion at the last. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)is the newest generation of remote sensing instruments which is carried by the EOS(Earth Observing System)satellite . EOS/MODIS have 36 spectral channels ranging between 0.4 and 14μm,this enhance the observational and discriminating abilities of MODIS monitoring the earth and its surface types. So the data of MODIS have tremendous usable and exploitable values in the field of environment ,resource and climate. This paper researches the monitoring of water and soil losses based on MODIS data, and builds the monitoring system of water and soil losses based on the fusion of MODIS image.
In the paper, the main study focus on the methods of producing soil erosion for Hubei province based on MODIS data. The land use image and vegetation coverage image of Hubei province are obtained by the interpreted TM image and MODIS vegetation index model, the slope image is created from Digital Elevation Model(DEM),then, based on the soil erosion intensity classification, soil erosion intensity image is obtained by overlaying the images of land use, vegetation coverage and slope. For local area, the vegetation coverage image is obtained by the high resolution MODIS image which is obtained by fusing TM and MODIS images. By using the different period images, the monitor system could also dynamically monitor the losing status of soil and water, providing the support information to ensure the veracity of prevention, supervision works and the water and soil conservation projects.
引文
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