摘要
本文以不同物候区的10个种源苦楝(Melia azedarach L.)种子和当年生苦楝苗木为研究对象,对苦楝种子形态特征、生理品质、营养物质含量和苗木生长节律、抗寒性等种苗生物学特性的差异及其中6个代表性种源的耐盐能力进行了研究,以期筛选出耐盐能力强、生长迅速的苦楝种源在江苏和毗邻沿海地区、盐碱地进行推广。主要研究结果如下:
1、不同种源苦楝种子纵径、横径、纵横径比、千粒重、含水量、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、呼吸速率、营养物质含量差异均达0.01极显著水平;苦楝种子呼吸速率与活力指数之间具有较强相关性,一定程度上可作为衡量种子活力水平的指标;综合评价得出,福建平潭、广西南宁、陕西杨凌等种源种子品质较好,湖北黄冈、湖南长沙、浙江杭州等种源种子品质较差。
2、不同种源苦楝苗高、地径生长均呈“S”形生长曲线,低纬度地区种源苗高、地径生长速率要高于高纬度地区种源。综合苗高和地径的生长状况,一年生苦楝苗生长量较大的为福建平潭、广西南宁、湖南长沙等种源,较小的为湖北黄冈、陕西杨凌、河南中牟等种源;苦楝不耐低温,冻害严重,高纬度地区苦楝种源一般比低纬度地区苦楝种源具有较强的抗寒性,各种源内冻害程度均与地径存在较强的线性负相关,即地径越大,冻害程度越轻。
3、盐胁迫对苦楝形态、生理生化、光合荧光等指标均具有显著影响且种源间耐盐能力差异显著。利用隶属函数法对供试的6个种源苦楝苗木的耐盐能力进行综合评价,耐盐能力从强到弱依次为:福建平潭>河南中牟>浙江杭州>陕西杨凌>广西南宁>湖南长沙。
The biological characters of seeds, growth rhythm and cold-resistance of one-year seedlings of chinaberry (Melia azedarach L.) which originated from 10 different phenological areas were studied. And the seedlings of 6 typical provenances were tested to select provenances with strong salt-tolerance and fast growing rate for reforestation in coast areas of Jiangsu province and other saline-alkali areas nearby. The results were shown as follows:
1. There were significant differences in the length, width, length-width ratio and 1000-seed weight of chinaberry seeds with and without endocarps, which were from 10 different provenances. And germination percentage, germination index, vigor index , respiration rate and moisture content had also significant differences among different provenances. There were strong relationships between respiration rate and vigor index, showing that respiration rate could be an index for substituting other vigor indices to some extent. The nutrient contents were also significantly different among different provenances. The seed qualities of Yangling Shaanxi, Pingtan Fujian and Nanning Guangxi were better than those of Huanggang Hubei, Changsha Hunan and Hangzhou Zhejiang.
2. The one-year seedling height growth and caliper growth in different provenances was significantly different and the growth rhythm of both height and caliper appeared to be a“S”curve. The seedlings originated from low latitude grew faster than those originated from high latitude. The provenances with relatively high biomass of one-year seedlings were Pingtan Fujian, Nanning Guangxi and Changsha Hunan. And those with relatively low biomass were Huanggang Hubei, Yangling Shaanxi and Zhongmou Henan. The cold-resistance of chinaberry seedlings was weak and they could be injured seriously by low temperature. The seedlings of different provenances had different degrees of freezing damage and there was a strong negative linear relationship between degrees of damage and seedling caliper in the same provenance. The seedlings from high latitude generally had stronger cold-resistance than those from low latitude.
3.The morphological, physiological, photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence indices of chinaberry were affected significantly under salt stress.The seedling from different provenances had different salt-tolerance caused by genetic variation. The synthetic evaluation by using the subjection functions combined with morphological, physiological and chlorophyll fluorescence indices showed that the salt-tolerance could be arranged from strong to weak as Pingtan Fujian>Zhongmou Henan>Hangzhou Zhejiang>Yangling Shaanxi>Nanning Guangxi> Changsha Hunan.
引文
1.白宝璋,徐克章,史芝文.植物生理学[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1996.
2.曹礼,旱稻对盐胁迫的生理响应[D].兰州大学(硕士论文),2006.
3.陈洁,林栖凤.植物耐盐生理及耐盐机理研究进展[J].海南大学学报自然科版,2003,21(2):177-182.
4.陈沁,刘友良.谷胱甘肽对盐胁迫大麦叶片活性氧清除系统的保护作用[J].作物学报,2000,26(3):365-370.
5. 陈 善 春 , 张 进 仁 , 吴 安 仁 , 等 . 柳 橙 胚 愈 伤 组 织 耐 盐 性 研 究 [J]. 西 南 农 业 大 学 学报,1987,9(4):463-469.
6.陈少良,李金克,毕望富,等.盐胁迫条件下杨树盐分与甜菜碱及糖类物质变化[J].植物学通报,2001,18(5):587-596.
7.陈现臣,王彩霞.盐胁迫对西葫芦叶片光合性能的影响[J].河南农业科学,2007,(06):100-103.
8.陈耀锋,贺普超.葡萄脯氨酸累积变异系CAT和SOD活性研究[J].1998,26(1):36-40.
9.陈瑶,郑海雷,肖强等.盐度对互花米草氧化和抗氧化系统的影响[J].厦门大学学报,2005,44(4):576- 579.
10.陈英华,严重玲,李裕红,等.盐胁迫下红海榄脯氨酸与活性氧代谢特征研究[J].厦门大学学报,2005, 43(3):402-405.
11.程诗明,顾万春.苦楝中国分布区的物候区划[J].林业科学,2005,41(3):186-191.
12.崔赟栋,傅兆祥,王建华,等.苦楝种源试验研究[J].河南林业科技,1994,(2):14-16.
13. 崔 润 丽 , 刁 现 民 . 植 物 耐 盐 相 关 基 因 克 隆 与 转 化 研 究 进 展 [J]. 中 国 生 物 工 程 杂志,2005,25(8):25-30.
14.董晓霞,赵树慧,孔令安,等.苇状羊茅盐胁迫下生理效应的研究[J].草业科学,1998,15(5):10-13.
15.方斌.苦楝造林技术[J].安徽林业,2003,(4):27.
16.冯建灿,胡秀丽,毛训甲.叶绿素荧光动力学在探究植物逆境生理中的应用[J].经济林研究,2002,12(4):14-20.
17.郭丽红,陈善娜,龚明.NaCl 胁迫对玉米幼苗中谷胱甘肽还原酶活性及可溶性蛋白含量的影响[J].昆明师范高等专科学校学报,2002,24(4):27-30.
18. 贺 道 耀 , 余 叔 文 . 水 稻 高 脯 氨 酸 愈 伤 组 织 变 异 体 的 选 择 及 其 耐 盐 性 [J]. 植 物 生 理 学报,1995,21(1):65-72.
19.侯彩霞,汤章城.细胞相溶性物质的生理功能及其作用机制[J].植物生理学通讯, 1999,35(2):1-7.
20.黄鹏.盐分胁迫对香椿幼苗生长的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2006,41(4):60-63.
21.黄永红,陈学森.杏树抗寒生理研究初报[J].山东农业大学学报,2005,36(2):148-151.
22.惠红霞,许兴,李守明.盐胁迫抑制枸杞光合作用的可能机理[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(1):5-9.
23.贾庚祥,朱至清,李银心.甜菜碱与植物耐盐基因工程[J].植物生理学通讯,2002,19(3):272-279.
24.贾恢先,赵曼容,马莹.典型盐地植物细胞脂质过氧化伤害与质膜超微结构变化的研究[J].西北植物学报,1994,14(6):1-5.
25.江军.楝树育苗技术及苗木生长规律研究[J].江西林业科技,2005,(05):18-19.
26.姜卫兵,马凯,王业遴.无花果耐盐性生理指标的探讨[J].江苏农业学报.1991,7(3):29-33.
27.姜卫兵,马凯,朱建华.多效唑提高草莓耐盐性的效性[J].江苏农业学报,1992.8(4):13-17.
28.姜国斌,丁丽娜,金华,等.盐胁迫对杨树幼苗叶片光合特性及叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].辽宁林业科技, 2007,(1):20-23.
29.金兰,罗桂花.盐胁迫对紫花苜蓿SOD 丙二醛及SOD 同工酶的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2004(5):15-16.
30.康俊梅,杨青川,樊奋成.干旱对苜蓿叶片可溶性蛋白的影响[J].草地学报,2005,13(3):199-202.
31.克热木·伊力,侯江涛,买合木提,等.盐胁迫对扁桃光合特性和叶绿体超微结构的影响[J].西北植物 学报,2006,(11):2220-2226.
32.李国雷.盐胁迫下13个树种反应特性的研究[D].山东农业大学(硕士论文),2004.
33.李国雷,孙明高,夏阳,等.NaCl胁迫下黄栌、紫荆的部分生理生化反应动态变化规律的研究[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2004,35(2):173-176.
34.李合生主编.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
35.李建春,吴其清,林盛松不同规格苦楝苗造林初期生长效果比较[J];林业科技开发,2004,(6):56-57.
36.李勇.超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的应用研究进展[J].攀枝花学院学报,2007,24(6):9-11.
37.梁海永,李会平,杨敏生,等.NaCl 胁迫对毛白杨试管小植株叶片离子吸收及荧光诱导动力学参数的影响[J].河北林果研究,1999,14(3):199-202.
38.梁洁,严重玲,李裕红,等.Ca(NO3)2 对 NaCl 胁迫下木麻黄扦插苗生理特征的调控[J].生态学报,2004,24(50):1073-1077.
39.梁峥,骆爱玲.甜菜碱和甜菜碱合成酶[J].植物生理通讯,1995,31(1):1-8.
40.林栖凤主编.耐盐植物研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
41.刘爱玲.瘠薄山地苦楝与臭椿直播造林技术研究[J].山东林业科技, 2003,(5):33.
42.刘建新,王鑫,胡浩斌.盐分和水分胁迫对多裂骆驼蓬渗透调节及叶片抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].2007, 44(1):150-154.
43.刘祖祺,张石城.植物抗性生理学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1994.
44.吕士行,吕志英,徐锡增,等.盐胁迫对杨树无性系生理特性及高生长的影响[J].南京林业大学学报,1994,18(4):13-18.
45.马剑敏,李今,张改娜,等.Hg2+与POD复合处理对小麦萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].植物学报,2004,21 (5):531-538.
46.马丽清,韩振海,周二峰,等.盐胁迫对珠美海棠和山定子膜保护酶系统的影响[J].果树报,2006,23 (4):495-499.
47.买合木提·卡热,克热木·伊力,吾甫尔·巴拉提.盐胁迫对扁桃砧木叶片 SOD、POD 和 CAT 活性的影响[J].西北农业学报,2005,14(6):96-101.
48.毛桂莲,哈新芳,孙婕,等.NaCl胁迫下枸杞愈伤组织可溶性蛋白含量的变化[J].宁夏大学学报(自然科学版),2005,26(1):64-66.
49.苗海霞,孙明高,夏阳,等.盐胁迫对苦楝根系活力的影响[J].山东农业大学学报,36(1):9-12.
50.潘瑞炽,董愚得.植物生理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1995.322-328.
51.曲良谱.苦楝、枫杨容器育苗技术研究[D].南京林业大学(硕士论文),2007.
52.曲泽洲,孙云蔚主编.果树种类论[M].北京:农业出版社,1990.
53.沈银柱,刘植义,张召铎,等.诱发小麦成熟胚愈伤组织及其再生植株抗盐性变异的研究[J].遗传报,1993,20(3):253-261.
54.盛彦敏,石德成,肖洪兴,等.不同程度碱性盐胁迫对向日葵生长的影响[J].东北师范大学报,1999(4):65-69.
55.宋立奕.盐胁迫对青檀幼苗生长及生理特性的影响[D].南京林业大学(硕士论文),2004.
56.孙小芳,刘友良. NaCl胁迫下棉花体内Na+、K+分布与耐盐性[J]. 西北植物学报2000,20(6):1027- 1033.
57.谭大海,沙伟,张莹莹.芦苇盐胁迫下渗透调节物质含量变化研究[J].齐齐哈尔大学学报,2006,(2): 87-89.
58.谈建中,承建平,孙丙耀,等.外源甜菜碱对桑树抗盐生理的影响及其作用机理的研究[J].蚕业科学, 2005,31(4):404-408.
59.佟荣喜,刘淑芳,谢玉常,等.氯化钠胁迫对廊坊杨苗木生长特性的影响[J].河北林果究,2006,21(3): 236-242.
60.王春枝.综合评价指标筛选及预处理的方法研究[J].统计教育,2007,(3):15-16.
61.汪贵斌,曹福亮,游庆方,等.盐胁迫对4树种叶片中Na+和K+的影响[J].植物生态学报,2001,25(2): 235-239.
62.汪贵斌,曹福亮,游庆方,等.盐胁迫对 4 树种叶片中 K+和 Na+的影响及耐盐能力的评价[J].植物资源与环境学报,2001,10(1):30-34.
63.王洪春.植物抗性生理.植物生理学通讯,1981,17(2):72-81.
64.王素平,李娟,郭世荣,等.NaCl胁迫对黄瓜幼苗植株生长和光合特性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2006, 26(3):455-461.
65. 王 文 卿 , 林 鹏 . 盐 度 对 红 树 植 物 木 榄 生 长 的 影 响 [J]. 厦 门 大 学 学 报 ( 自 然 科 学版),1999,38(2):273-279.
66.王翼川,李志军,徐雅丽,等.低温胁迫对海岛棉幼苗生理生化特性的影响[J].中国棉花,2001,28(5): 13-14.
67.魏爱丽,杨臣,陈云昭,等.盐胁迫下大豆小真叶愈伤组织可溶性蛋白含量变化的研究[J].山西农业大学学报,1997,17(4):318-321.
68.魏海霞,孙明高,夏阳,等.NaCl胁迫对苦楝细胞膜透性和有机渗透调节物质含量的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2005,40(5):599-603.
69.武吉华,张绅主编.植物地理学[M].高等教育出版社,1998.
70.夏新莉,周晓阳,尹伟伦.盐胁迫下臭椿和银杏叶片细胞离子区域化研究(英文)[J].Forestry Studies in China,1999,(02):3-12.
71.谢振宇,杨光穗.牧草耐盐性研究进展[J].草业科学,2003,20(8):11-17.
72.许祥明,叶和春,李国凤.植物抗盐机理的研究进展[J].应用与环境生物学报,2000,6(4):379-387.
73.杨涓,许兴.盐胁迫下植物有机渗透调节物质积累的研究进展[J].宁夏农学院学报,2003,24(4): 86-91.
74.杨少辉,季静,王罡.盐胁迫对植物的影响及植物的抗盐机理[J].世界科技研究与发展,2006,28(4):70-76.
75.杨晓慧,蒋卫杰,魏珉.植物对盐胁迫的反应及其抗盐机理研究进展[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2006,37(2):302-305.
76.殷立娟,祝玲.野大麦苗期抗盐碱性的研究[J].草地学报,1991,1(1):142-148.
77.应天玉,刘国生,姜中珠.植物耐盐的分子机理[J].东北林业大学学报,2003,31(1):31-33.
78.於丙华,章文华.NaCl 对大麦幼苗根系蛋白质和游离氨基酸含量的影响[J].西北植物学报,1997,17(4):439.
79.喻方圆.几个针叶树种苗木逆境生理研究[D].南京林业大学(博士论文),2002.
80.余叔文.植物生理与分子生物学[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
81.余叔文,汤章诚.植物生理与分子生物学[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
82.宇万太,于永强.植物地下生物量研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(6):927-932.
83.曾韶西,王以柔,李美如.不同胁迫预处理提高水稻幼苗抗寒性期间蛋白质的变化[J].植物学报,1997,(2):130-136.
84.张超强,杨颖丽,王莱,等.盐胁迫对小麦幼苗叶片 H2O2 产生和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].西北师范大学学报,2007,43(1):71-75.
85.张川红,沈应柏等.盐胁迫对几种苗木生长及光合作用的影响[J].林业科学,2002,38(2):27-31.
86.张建锋,孙启祥.盐胁迫对柳树新无性系苗木生长和土壤酶活性的影响[J].水土保持报,2005,19(3): 125-129.
87.张金凤.盐胁迫下 8 个经济林树种苗木反应特性的研究[D].山东农业大学(硕士论文),2004.
88.张润花,郭世荣,李娟.盐胁迫对黄瓜根系活力、叶绿素含量的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2006(2):51-53.
89.张少英,邵世勤,王瑞刚,等.甜菜种子活力与呼吸代谢的关系[J].中国糖料,1999,(4):4-7.
90.张文辉,段宝利,周建云,等.不同种源栓皮栎幼苗水分适应及耐旱特性比较研究[J].西北植物学报, 2003,23(5):728-734.
91.赵合娥,牛润民,王凌佩.苦楝林施肥试验报告[J].山东林业科技,1999,(S1):37-38.
92.赵可夫.植物抗盐生理[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1993,9-10.
93.赵可夫,李法曾.中国盐生植物[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.
94.赵世杰等.植物组织中丙二醛测定方法的改进[J].植物生理学通讯,1994,30(3):207-210.
95.赵勇,马雅琴,翁跃进.盐胁迫下小麦甜菜碱和脯氨酸含量变化[J].植物生理与分子生物学报,2005,31(1):103-106.
96. 周 正 立 , 于 军 , 李 志 军 胡 杨 、 灰 叶 胡 杨 种 子 营 养 化 学 成 分 的 研 究 [J]. 西 北 植 物 学 报2003,23(6):987-991.
97.朱新广,王强,张其德,等.冬小麦光合功能对盐胁迫的响应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报,2002, 8(2):177-180.
98.Agastian P,Kingsley SJ,Vivekanandan M.Effect of salinity on photosynthesis and biochemical characteristics in mulberry genotypes[J].Photosynthetica,2000,38:287-290.
99.Agboma, P., Peltonen-Sainio, P., Hinkkanen, R., Pehu, E. Effect of foliar application of glycine betaine on yield components of drought stressed tobacco plants[J]. Exp. Agric. 1997,33, 345-352.
100.Aldesuquy H S.Effect of seawater salinity and gibberllic acid on abscisic acid,amino acids and water-use efficiency of wheat plants[J].Agrochimica,1998,42:147-157.
101.Asish Kumar Parida, Anath Bandhu Das, Yukika Sanada.et al. Effects of salinity on biochemical components of the mangrove, Aegiceras corniculatum[J]. Aquatic Botany, 2004,80(2) :77-87.
102.Aubert S, Hennion F, Bouchereau A, et al. Subcellular compartmentation of praline in the leaves of the subantartic Kerguelen cabbage Pringlea antiscorbutica R-Br[J]. Plant Cell Environ,1999,22:255-259.
103.Binzel M L,Hess F D, Bressan R A,et al. Intracellular of ion in salt adapted tobacco cells.Plant Physiol, 1988,86: 607-614.
104. Borsani O, Valpuesta V,Botellam A. Developing salt tolerant plants in a new century: a molecular biology approach[J]. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult., 2003, 73: 101-115.
105.Cao B,Gao H D.The study of biological characters Of Simmondisa chinensis seeds[J].Seed,2002,5:41-42.
106.Damianos Neocleous and Miltiadis Vasilakakis. Effects of NaCl stress on red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L. ‘Autumn Bliss’) [J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2007, 112(3):282-289.
107.FANG Sheng-zuo, SONG Li-yi, FU Xiang-xiang. Effects of NaCl stress on seed germination, leaf gas exchange and seedling growth of Pteroceltis tatarinowii[J]. Journal of Forestry Research,2006,17(3): 185-188.
108.Flowers, T.J., Troke, P.F., Yeo, A.R..The mechanism of salt tolerance in halophytes[J]. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 1977,28:89-121.
109.Flowers, T.J., Yeo, A.R..Breeding for salinity resistance in crop plants:where next? [J]. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 1995. 22:875-884.
110.Fougere, F., Le-Rudulier, D., Streeter, J.G. Effects of salt stress on amino acid, organic acid, and carbohydrate composition of roots, bacteroids, and cytosol of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) [J]. Plant Physiol,1991, 96,1228-1236.
111.Gadallah M.A.A.,1999,Effects of proline and glycinebetaine on Viciafaba response to saltstress, Biol Plant., 42:249-257.
112.Gemma Víllora et al. Yield improvement in zucchini under salt stress: determining micronutrient balance[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2000, 86(3):175-183.
113.Hajibagheri M A, lowers T J. X-ray microanalysis of ion distribution within root cortical cells of thehalophyte Suaeda maritime L. Dum [J]. Planta, 1989,177:131-134.
114.Hare, P.D., Cress,W.A. Metabolic implications of stress-induced proline accumulation in plants[J]. Plant Growth Regul,1997,21, 79-102.
115.Hare, P.D., Cress, W.A., Staden, J.V. Dissecting the roles of osmolyte accumulation during stress[J]. Plant Cell Environ,1998,21, 535-553.
116.Harinasut, P., Tsutsui, K., Takabe, T., et al. Exogenous glycine betaine accumulation and increased salt tolerance in rice seedlings[J]. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem,1996,60, 366-368.
117.Hawkins, C.D.B. and Binder, W.D. 1990. State of the art seedling stock quality based on seedling physiology, pp. 91-122. In: Rose, R., Campbell, S.J. and Landis, T.D. (Eds) Target Seedling Symposium: Proc. Combined Meet. Western For. Nursery Assoc.,US Dep. Agric. For. Serv., Gen.Tech.Rep.RM-200,Fort Collins,CO.Chap.8.
118.Karl Hermann Mühling, André L?uchli, Effect of salt stress on growth and cation compartmentation in leaves of two plant species differing in salt tolerance J. Plant Physiol,2002, 159. 137-146.
119.Kurban H,Saneoka H,Nehira K.Effect of salinity on growth,photosynthesis and mineral composition in leguminous plantAlhagi pseudoalhagi[J].Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.,1999,45:851-862.
120.Lutts, S., Exogenous glycine betaine reduces sodium accumulation in salt-stressed rice plants[J].Int. Rice Res. 2000,25, 39-40.
121.Lutts, S., Majerus, V., Kinet, J.-M. NaCl effects on proline metabolism in rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings[J]. Physiol. Plant., 1999,105, 450-458.
122.M. Ajmal Khan and Salman Gulzar. Germination responses of Sporobolus ioclados: a saline desert grass[J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 2003,53(3):387-394.
123.Mar′?a F. et al. Relationship between salt tolerance and photosynthetic machinery performance in citrus[J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany,2008,62 :176-184.
124.Mar′?a F. L′opez-Climent, Vicent Arbona, Rosa M. P′erez-Clemente, et al.Relationship betweensalt tolerance and photosynthetic machinery performance in citrus[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,62 :176-184.
125.M. Ashraf, M.R. Foolad. Roles of glycine betaine and proline in improving plant abiotic stress resistance [J].Environmental and Experimental Botany ,2007,59,206-216.
126.Maslenkova LT, Zanev Y,Popova LP. Adaptation to salinity as monitored by PSII oxygen evolving reactions in barley thylakoids[J].J.Plant Physiol,1993,142:629-634.
127.Michelet B and Boutry M. The plasma membrane H+-ATPase,a highly regulated enzyme with multiple physiological functions[J]. Plant Physiol,1995,108:1-6.
128.MittovaV, Tal M, VolokitaM,et al. Salt stress induce supregulation of an efficient chloroplast antioxidant system in the salt-tolerant wild tomato species Lycopersion pennellii but not in the cultivated species[J]. Physiol Plant,2002,115:393-400.
129.Mittova V,Tal M,Volokita M,et al. Up-regulation of the leaf mitochondrial and peroxisomal antioxidative systems in response to salt-induced oxidative stress in the wild salt-tolerant tomato species Lycopersiconpennellii [J]. Plant Cell Environ,2003,26:845-856.
130.Nader Chaparzadeh, Maria Lucia D'Amico, Ramazan-Ali Khavari-Nejad,et al. Antioxidative responses of Calendula officinalis under salinity conditions[J]. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2004, 42(9):695-701.
131.Niya Li, Shaoliang Chen, Xiaoyang Zhou,et al. Effect of NaCl on photosynthesis, salt accumulation and ion compartmentation in two mangrove species, Kandelia candel and Bruguiera gymnorhiza [J]. Aquatic Botany,2008,1-8.
132.Parida A, Das A B, DasP. NaCl stress causes changes in photosynthetic pigments, proteins and other metabolic components in the leaves of a true Mangrove , Bruguieraparviflora, in hydroponic cultures[J]. J Plant Biol, 2002, 45:28-36.
133.Petrusa, L.M.,Winicov, I. Proline status in salt tolerant and salt sensitive alfalfa cell lines and plants in response to NaCl[J]. Plant Physiol. Biochem,1997,35,303-310.
134.Powle S B. Photo inhibition of photosynthesis induced by visible light[J].Rev PlantPhysiol,1984,35:15-44.
135.Raquel GR,Keith RP, MalcolmER et al.Effect of seed size and testa colour on saponin content of Spanish lentil seed[J].Food Chem,1997,58(3):223-226.
136.Robinson, S.P., Jones, G.P. Accumulation of glycine betaine in chloroplasts provides osmotic adjustment during salt stress[J]. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 1986, 13, 659-668.
137.Rodrigue ZHG , Roberts JKM , Jordan WR ,et al.Growth water relations and accumuation of organic and inorganic solutes in roots of maize seedlings during salt stress [J ] . Plant Physiol ,1997 ,113:881-893.
138.Shinozaki K,Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K.Gene expression and signal transduction in water-stress response[J]. Plant Physiol.,1997,115:327-334.
139.Silvemown J W. Seed size,life span and germination date as coadapted femurs of plant,life history[J]. Nature, 1981,18:860-864.
140.Singh N K ,Bracker C A , Hasegawa P M, et al. Characterization of osmotin : thaumatilike protein associated with osmitic adaptation in plant cells[J ].Plant Physiol,1987,85:739 -743.
141.SONG Fu-nan,YANG Chuan-ping,LIU Xue-mei et al. Effect of salt stress on activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in Ulmus pumila L[J]. Journal of Forestry Research,2006,17(1): 13–16.
142.Storey R,Wyn Jones RG.Betaine and choline levels in plants and their relationship to NaCl stress[J]. Plant Sci. Letl.,1975,4:161.
143.Subbarao, G.V., Wheeler, R.M., Levine, L.H., Stutte, G.W. Glycine betaine accumulation, ionic and water relations of red-beet at contrasting levels of sodium supply[J]. Plant Physiol. 2001,158, 767-776.
144.Tarczynski M C, ensen R G, Bohnert H J .Stress protection of transgenic tobacoo by production of the remolyte manruto[J].Science.1993,259:508-510.
145.Thomas J C, Sepaht M, Arendall B,.Enhancement of seed generation in high salinity by engineering mannitol expression in Arabidopsis thatopen[J].Plant Cell and Environment,1995,(18):801-806.
146.Vaidyanathan R,Kuruvilla S,Thomas G.Characterization and expression pattern of an abscisic acid and osmotic stress responsive gene from rice[J].Plant Sci.,1999,140:21-30.
147.Volkmar KM,Hu Y,Steppuhn H. Physiological responses of plants to salinity:A review[J].Can J Plant Sci, 1998 78:19-27.
148.Willekens H,Vancamp W, LnzeD,et al. Ozone,sulfurdioxide,and ozone ultraviolet-B have similar effect on mRNA accumulation of antioxidant genes in Nicotiana plum baginifolia L[J].Plant Physiol,1994,106:1007-1014.
149.Xinguang Zhu, Qide Zhang. Advance in the research on the effects of NaCl on photosynthesis[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,1999,16(4):332-338.
150.Xu D,Duan X,Wang B, et a1.Expression of a late embryo genesis abundant protein gene,HVA1,from barley confers tolerance to water deficit and salt stress in ansgenic rice[J]. J.Plant Physiol,1996,110:249-257.
151.Yang, X., Lu, C. Photosynthesis is improved by exogenous glycinebetaine in salt-stressed maize plants[J]. Physiol. Plant. , 2005,124, 343-352.
