摘要
目的:研究反复熔铸对镍铬烤瓷合金电化学腐蚀、离子析出、失重腐蚀速率、表面粗糙度、表面自由能等抗腐蚀性能的影响。
方法:(1)熔铸原料的制备:将厂家提供的镍铬烤瓷合金分别进行1～4次熔铸,即获得分别经过1～4次熔铸后的镍铬烤瓷合金。每次熔铸后的镍铬烤瓷合金再次熔铸前均需依次经喷砂、流水清洗、王水浸泡、清水冲洗、切割、蒸馏水超声清洗、自然干燥后,形成下一次熔铸的原料(2)根据ISO 10271标准,镍铬烤瓷合金在氩气保护真空加压铸造环境下分别经过1～5次熔铸制成圆柱形试样,经树脂包埋并抛光后制成电极,然后采用电化学工作站测试其在37℃不同pH值(7.4、6.4、5.4)Fusayama型人工唾液中的电化学腐蚀性能(Ecorr、Ep、Icorr),同时应用扫描电镜观察试样腐蚀前后的表面形貌变化。(3)根据ISO 10271标准,同样方法将镍铬烤瓷合金分别经过1～5次熔铸制成方形试样,抛光后将试样浸泡于37℃、pH=2.35的0.1M氯化钠溶液中,浸泡7天和70天后检测析出的离子,同时测量浸泡前后重量的变化,应用扫描电镜观察试件试样腐蚀前后的表面形貌。(4)将第二部分实验的试样重新抛光处理制成新的试样,一面暴露其余表面用树脂包埋。在37℃、pH =6.8人工唾液中浸泡三个月,浸泡前检测各试样保证各试样表面粗糙度无明显区别,浸泡完成后测量其表面粗糙度及表面自由能的变化。
结果:(1)与经过1次熔铸的镍铬烤瓷合金相比,经过2～5次熔铸的镍铬烤瓷合金,电化学腐蚀性能没有显著变化(P>0.05)。从扫描电镜图片也可以看出各代镍铬烤瓷合金枝晶间区域中出现腐蚀坑,但各代间未间明显区别。(2)与经过1次熔铸的镍铬烤瓷合金相比,经过2～5次熔铸的镍铬烤瓷合金浸泡7天和70天条件下其离子析出量没有显著增加,失重腐蚀速率也没有显著增加。从扫描电镜图片也可以看出各代镍铬烤瓷合金均出现明显腐蚀坑,浸泡70天比浸泡7天腐蚀程度深,但各代镍铬烤瓷合金见到明显区别。(3)与经过1次熔铸的镍铬烤瓷合金相比,经过2～5次熔铸的镍铬烤瓷合金,其表面粗糙度变化没有显著差异;Ⅱ代镍铬烤瓷合金与Ⅰ代镍铬烤瓷合金相比表面自由能区别没有统计学意义,但Ⅲ-Ⅴ代镍铬烤瓷合金与Ⅰ代相比其表面自由能显著增大。
结论:在氩气保护真空加压铸造环境中,在不添加新合金条件下,镍铬烤瓷合金经过2～5次熔铸后,其电化学腐蚀、浸泡7天和70天离子析出及失重腐蚀速率,表面粗糙度无明显增加,经2次熔铸合金表面自由能无显著差异,经过3～5次熔铸合金表面自由能显著增加。
Objective: To study the effect of recasting on electrochemical corrosion properties, ion release, weight loss, surface roughness, surface free energy of a Nickel-Chromium (Ni-Cr) ceramic alloy.
Methods: (1) Preparations of casting materials: The Ni-Cr ceramic alloys recast for 1~4 times were available respectively after the Ni-Cr ceramic alloys provided by the manufacturer having been cast 1~4 times. Before being recast again, the Ni-Cr ceramic alloys recast should be dealt with sand blasting, water washing, aqua regia soaking, rinse, cutting, ultrasonic cleaning in distilled water and drying naturally in turn to be the recasting materials in the next time. (2) According to ISO 10271, cylindrical specimens were achieved by casting Ni-Cr ceramic alloys successively for 1~5 times, respectively, under the circumstance of vacuum compressive casting with argon. Then all the specimens were made into electrodes embedded with resin and polished using standard metallurgical procedures, and tested with the electrochemical workstation at the condition of Fusayama artificial saliva at 37 oC and different pH (5.4, 6.4 and 7.4). With scanning electron microscope, the surface characteristics of samples were examined before and after corrosion. (3) According to ISO 10271, rectangular immersing samples were made and polished by the same way. Each sample for immerse test and weight loss test was placed in a tube added corrosive liquid [0.1M NaCl, 1%C3H6O3 (pH=2.35)] and conserved for 7 days and 70 days at 37 oC. After corrosion, the solution of each specimen was tested by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). And the weight of every specimen was tested before and after immersing. With scanning electron microscope, the surface characteristics of samples were examined before and after immersion test. (4) The samples used in immersion test were reused to produce rectangular samples (10mm×10mm×1.1mm) embedded by resin with one surface exposing. The surfaces tested of specimens were polished to the same roughness tested by surface rough-meter. The surface roughness and the surface free energy of exposing surface of samples, immersed for three months in artificial saliva at 37 oC whose pH is 6.8, were tested.
Results: (1) There presented no statistical decrease in the electrochemical corrosion of the porcelain fused to the nickel-chromium ceramic alloys recast from 2 to 5 times comparing to one recast 1 time. Corrosion was obvious for all alloys after polarization test, with forming of corrosion pits most of which appeared at the interdendritic structure. But the differences were difficultly to find. (2) There presented no statistical increase in the ion release and weight loss of the nickel-chromium ceramic alloys recast from 2 to 5 times compare to alloys recast 1 time at the condition of immersing for 7 and 70 days, and the same to weight loss. Corrosion was obvious for all alloys after immerse test, but the differences were difficultly to find. (3) There presented no statistical differences in the surface roughness of the nickel-chromium ceramic alloys recast from 1 to 5 times. Comparatively with alloy recast from 1 time, the surface free energy of the samples of alloys recast 2 times has no statistical difference, but increase significantly for alloys recast 3 to 5 times.
Conclusion: Under the circumstance of vacuum compressive casting with argon, there presented no statistical increase in the electrochemical corrosion, ion release immersing for 7 and 70 days, weight loss and the surface roughness and no difference for the surface free energy of alloys recast 2 times. The surface free energy of alloys recast from 3 to 5 times increase statistically.
引文
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