摘要
自上个世纪90年代以来,银行业掀起了一股并购重组的热潮,通常认为,通过并购和联合,有利于降低银行经营成本,分散银行风险,实现规模经济。2001年,中国正式加入世界贸易组织,标志着我国对外开放进入了一个新的阶段,意味着银行业将面临着新的挑战。研究银行的规模经济对我国银行业在金融的竞争中占据重要地位具有十分重要的意义。
本文首先通过对银行业的资产利润率、人均利润、资产费用率、人均费用、分支机构及人员数等6个指标的数据进行横向与纵向的比较,分析了我国银行业的规模经济。随后,运用超越对数成本函数将14家银行分为两组样本进行回归分析,计算了各银行的规模经济值。接着,以规模经济值为因变量,以总资产、分支机构、人员数、存贷比、人均费用、资本资产比、产权结构为自变量对规模经济的影响因素进行了实证研究。
我们的结论认为:我国的银行业不存在显著的规模经济现象,与国有银行相比,股份制银行的规模经济要优于国有银行。但是,国有银行的规模经济有渐渐改善的趋势,而股份制银行的规模经济却在渐渐恶化。资产规模、产权结构对规模经济有显著的负面影响。衡量银行风险因素的资本资产对国有银行具有明显的负面影响,而对股份制银行具有明显的正面影响。
The banking has a merge upsurge, since the 1990s, as we all known, we can reduce the operating cost, spread risk, and achieve the scale economic by merging and acquisition. In 2001, China has joined the World Trade Organization (WTO), which signs our undertaking opening to the outside world has entered a new stage, and also means our banking face more competition. The study of banks' scale economics which has a great importance for Chinese banks getting a place in the international rat race.
Firstly, this text analyzes scale economics by using 6 indicators—return on assets, profit per capita, cost on assets, cost per capita, branches and staff. Then, it builds a regression model based on Translog cost function and calculates scale elasticity of each bank. At last, it analyzed the influence factors by empirical analysis.
We have drawn the following conclusion: Chinese banks has not scale economics, while the shareholding system commercial banks are better than the sated-owned banks. However, the stated-owned banks' scale economics are being improved, the shareholding banks' are being worse. Scale and property right are the most important factors in deciding banks' scale economics. And capital on assets has a different influence on the stated-owned banks and the shareholding banks.
引文
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