摘要
藜(Chenopodium album L.)为藜科(Chenopod iaceae )藜属(Chenopodium L)植物，生于路旁、荒地及山坡，全国均有分布，但主要产于盐碱地和北方各省的干旱地区。
藜作为传统中药材，味甘性平，微毒，有止痛、清热利湿、杀虫及祛风解毒等功效，主治痢疾、腹泻、湿疮痒疹、白癜风等疾病，对高血压、中风也有预防和治疗的作用。为了更好的开发利用这一植物，本文对长春藜的有效成分进行了系统的研究。
本文首次系统地对藜中的黄酮类化合物进行了研究，采用有机溶剂提取法、大孔吸附树脂柱色谱法、正反相硅胶柱色谱法、葡聚糖凝胶柱色谱法、有机溶剂重结晶等方法从藜地上部分分离得到了7个黄酮类化合物，并利用1H-NMR、13C-NMR、MS等现代光谱学及理化性质等方法鉴定出了6个化合物的结构，化合物4、5、6为首次从该属中分离得到，化合物2、3为首次从该植物中分离得到。其次还对该植物中的挥发油进行分析，通过GC-MS方法从该植物中检测鉴定了13个组分。该研究成果为今后藜的开发利用提供了科学依据和可靠的实验数据。
Chenopodium album L.,also called the lambsquarter goosefoot,is theannual herb for the Chenopod iaceae. It grows by the roadside andhillside and is distributed everywhere,but mainly in the saline place andthe northern arid area.As a well-known Chinese medicine herb,it tastesa little sweet and has a little toxicity,which is widely used for thetreatment of the diarrhea,the dysentery,the prurigo,etc.Chenopodiumalbum L. is mostly used for the folk at present,so there are few researchreports about its chemica l constituents and the pharmacologica lactivities.In order to develop and make use of this rich plant resourcesbetter,the chemica l constituents of the plant were studied in this paper,which is mainly about the isola tion and the structural identifica tion ofthe fla vonoids including:1.To review the research progress in thechemica l constituents and the pharmacologica l activities ofChenopodium album L.2.The isola tion and the structural identifica tionof the fla vonoids.3.The analysis of the vola tile oil in Chenopodiumalbum L.
In 1955,this herb was studied by some people. With the developingstudied further,the fla vonoids,the saponins,the alkaloids and thesteroids have been isolated.Many plants of Chenopod ium are used asthe medicine besides eating,a nd used for treating the abnormalmenstruatuin,the functiona lity uterine hemorrhage,affection ofexotenous wind-cold,the skin rheumatism pain,the allergic dermatitisand the rash and so on.In order to enrich this research area,this paperprovides the theory based on the traditiona l Chinese medicinemodernization.
Chenopodium album L. in this paper was taken in Changchun provinceas the raw materia l,which is extract with 95%EtOH,isola ted with the silica gel column chroma tography and Sephadex LH-20 and recrystallization,to obtain 7 fla vonoids. 6 compounds were identified as quercetin3-O-rutinoside (1),isorhamnetin 3-rutinoside (2),quercetin 3-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl(1→2)-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside(3),apigenin 6,8-di-C-β-D-glucopyranoside(4),quercetin 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside](5),isorhamnetin 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→4)-α- L-rha mnopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside ](6).
The volatile oil of Chenopodium album L. was analyed and identified .They are 3-cyclohexene-1-methanolα,α,4-trimethyl,Linalol,β-cyclocitral,Iraldeine ,(2E)-2-methyl-2-octened ial,β-lonone ,2-buten-1-one 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl),Ethanone-1-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2,8,8-trimethyl-4H-cyclohepta[b]furan-5),Linolen ic acid,(S)-indacen-1(2H)-one3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3,3,4,5,5,8-hexa methyl,Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone ,Pentadecanoic acid 13-methyl-ester, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol,they are total content 78.89%.The ma in chemica l constituents areβ-lonone ,Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone and 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol,respectively 4.21%,9.51% and 56.77%.
The all compounds were isolated from Chenopodium album L. forthe first time,including the vola tile oil,but for compound 1.It willprovide the reliable basis for reasonable use,and provide the scientificbasis for the development of the new,highly,effective and the safemed icine.
引文
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