摘要
在过去的十多年中,通信网络的流量有了巨大的增长。网络资源分配研究面临新的挑战,主要体现在资源相对稀缺、服务多样化、资源分布化和应用商业化等四个方面。网络业务的多元化和用户群体的多元化需要ISP能够有效公平地分配网络资源。网络资源对于用户来说永远是稀缺的,而用户对网络资源的需求是无止境的,单靠增加网络设备来解决资源配置的问题不是十分合理的。
传统的网络资源分配方法侧重于研究报文的调度、提供服务质量保证等技术领域,没有考虑用户支付能力、用户满意度等因素对资源分配的影响,不能达到资源的最适度配置。现代网络更加强调“服务至上”的宗旨,面向用户提供“服务”成为发展的新理念。未来的宽带通信网中实现QOS的核心问题之一是如何有效地分配有限的网络资源,从而最大限度地实现资源的潜在价值。
在经济学中,采用博弈论和定价理论可以很好地处理资源配置的问题。在网络应用中,大多工程师都把主要的精力放在了技术领域,很少关注网络定价的概念。其主要原因是:网络技术飞速发展,网络工程师们大多数紧跟网络技术发展前沿,具有良好的技术背景,而很少有精力去兼具良好的经济背景。要想创造出更大的经济效用,必须将工程技术和经济需求结合起来。网络定价从技术的和经济的角度分析,可以解决两个基本的问题:成本的回收及盈利,资源公平配置及拥塞控制的方法。
针对上述分析,本文把价格因素引入网络资源分配研究,在兼顾服务质量保证的前提下,引入经济学相关理论,通过价格机制等经济手段来激励用户更积极地参与到网络管理中,实现更有效的资源分配和拥塞控制。并以此提出了一种面向服务的定价模型。该模型通过将户经济效益与网络行为相挂钩,可以实现利用价格等经济因素来调节用户对网络资源的需求,从而达到合理分配资源的目的。
With the development of network,there are many new challenges in the research of network resource allocation,such as :the scarcity of resources,the diversity of services, the commercialization of applications and the distribution of resources. Network service providers will have to provide highly customized network services. If a solution for supporting multiple services can only rely on technical solutions,the result of resources allocation is not the most adaptive and optimal.
Traditional researches of resource allocation attach importance to the schedule of Packets,providing the QoS guarantee,and so on. It has not considered the effect of follow factors,such as:The customers’payment ability and their satisfaction degree. Nowadays,network providers pay more attention to the satisfaction of customers. The most important thing for them is to offer better services. In the future, network service providers will be forced to offer more flexibility to their customers in order to survive in the competitive internet services market.
In ecnomic field, we can solve the problem of network resource allocation successfully by using game and pricing theory.In network field, Price is sensitive to users naturally. Thus,our approach is to bring price into network engineer design as a signal of network control. In doing so,based on game and pricing theory, network pricing can solve two problems: network cost recovery; Network resource allocation and congestion control.
In order to solve these Problems,the thesis introduces the Price Factor into the research of network resource allocation,Underlying such a scheme, the quality of transmission is associated with the price users prefer. As such, network service providers are able to adjust the traffic volume by means of network pricing. Then the thesis brings out a method based on service Price. By using this solution, service providers are able to withdraw the cost for providing network service, the method also can provide QoS guarantees and allocate resources better.
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