摘要
孔石纯(Ulva pertusa Kjellm)是一种大型经济海藻,含有丰富营养物质如蛋白质、多糖、维生素、无机元素,对促进机体的正常生长发育、保证机体健康有着重大的作用,可直接食用;同时孔石莼在医药方面也有广泛的应用。在古代医书上便记载有多种药用活性,我国民间一直流传着用孔石莼与其他药用植物配伍治疗中暑、颈淋巴结肿、甲状腺肿、疮疥、急慢性胃肠炎、高血压、水肿和小便不利、喉炎及咳嗽等等。目前国内对孔石莼医用价值研究较少,国外关于这方面的研究工作在逐渐增多。据已有文献报导孔石纯具有抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗菌、抗凝血、降血脂、降胆固醇和防止皮肤衰老等药理活性。本论文比较全面地对孔石纯的化学成分进行了研究,应用硅胶、反相硅胶(RP-18)、葡聚糖凝胶(Sephadex LH-20)、大孔树脂等多种分离材料及多种分离技术,结合现代各种先进的波谱技术(MS,~1H-NMR,~(13)C-NMR,COSY,HSQC,HMBC),从该植物中共分离得到35个化合物,解析了其中28个化合物。其中化合物10、12和20为新化合物,化合物1为新的天然化合物,并且首次报导了其波谱数据。除化合物9、15、17、22和28外其余化合物均为首次从该属中分离得到。
从孔石莼中分离得到的各化合物如下:
一.芳香性化合物
1.(2,4-二氯苯甲酸)-2,4-二氯苯基酯(1)
2.N-苯基-2-萘胺(2)
3.5-羟基-3,6,7,3′,4′-五甲氧基黄酮(3)
4.5-羟基-6,7,3′,4′-四甲氧基黄酮(4)
5.对乙氧基苯甲酸(5)
6.顺式细辛醚(6)
7.反式细辛醚(7)
8.γ-细辛醚(8)
二.甾体类化合物
1.β-谷甾醇(9)
2.24,28-二氨基胆甾醇(10)
Ulva pertusa kjellm is an edible macroalgae of Chlorophy. It contains rich nutrient substance such as protein, polysaccharides, vitamin, mineral element etc., which is good for body's growth, development and health. There are also high value of the medical application of it. Several ancient medical books recorded that U. pertusa had many traditional active properties, and it was widely used in region of china, associated with other medicial plant, to treat for goiter, hypertension, oedema, laryngitis, cough, and so on. The present studies of chemical constituents and pharmacological effect about the U. pertusa are scare, so the usage of the plant is insufficient. Now more and more attention has given to it. According to recent studies, it has been shown significant biological activities, such as antitumor, antivirus, antibiosis, anticoagulated blood, antiaging and lowering of blood fat and cholesterol, and so on. Therefore the paper was to investigate the chemical constituents of this green algae systematically. From the plant, 35 compounds were isolated by repeated on silica, RP-18, sephadex LH-20, macroporous resin column chromatography, and 28 compounds were identified by various spectroscopic methods (UV, MS, ~1H-NMR, ~(13)C-NMR, DEPT, COSY, HSQC and HMBC). Compound 10, 12 and 20 were new compounds;Compound 1 was a new natural product and its spectra data was the first report here;Others were isolated from Ulva for the first time except the compounds 9, 15,17,22 and 28.The structures of above 28 compounds from Ulva pertusa were listed as follows: (1). Phenolic compounds1. (2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2,4- dichlorobenzoate(l)2. N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine(2)3. 5-hydoxy-3, 6, 7,3', 4'-pentamethoxyflavone(3)4. 5-hydoxy-6, 7, 3', 4'-tetramethoxyflavone(4) 5.p-ethoxybenzoic acid(5)6. Cis-asarone (6)7. Trans-asarone (7)
8. y-asarone(8)(2). Compounds of SteroidI.j3-sitosterol(9)2. 24, 28-diaminocholesterol(10)3.24-hydrooxy-24-vinyl-cholesterol(l 1)4. 24-ethylperoxy-24-vinyl-cholesterol(12)5. 29-hydroxystigmasta-5,24(28)-dien-3-ol(13)6.29-hydroperoxystigmasta-5,24(28)-dien-3-ol(14)7. Daucosterol(15)(3). Compounds of triterpene1. a-amyrin(16)2. Ursolic acid(17)3. Maniladiol-3-o- nonadecanoate (18)4. 22-α-methoxyfaradiol 3-o-nonadecanoate (19)5. 22-a-ethylfaradiol 3-o-nonadecanoate (20)6. Faradiol 3-o-nonadecanoate(21) (4). Compounds of diterpene 1.7>fl/w-phytol(22)2. Phytyl-palmitate(23)3. Phytyl-acetas(24)4. Isophytol(25)(5). Compounds of monoterpenel.Menthol(26)(6). Straight chain compounds1. Docosanol(27)2. Palmitic acid(28)
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