摘要
针对惠民凹陷古近系沙河街组的沉积学、层序地层学研究已有较多,但对商河地区沙二下亚段(Es_2下)沉积微相缺乏系统研究,尤其是针对商河地区Es_2下储集砂体(俗称“商河砂体”)的物源方向、沉积层序和体系域发育和分布的控制因素一直受到人们的广泛关注。随着开采程度的逐步提高,勘探开发难度不断加大,对Es_2下沉积微相分布规律和物源方向不清的问题,是长期困扰该区油气勘探开发的难题。
结合岩石学、地层学、构造地质学、沉积学、层序地层学、地球物理学及地球化学等多学科开展商河地区Es_2下沉积体系研究,系统分析商河砂体的物源方向、沉积微相类型、空间分布规律。
以经典层序地层学和高分辨率层序地层学原理为指导,将惠民凹陷古近纪划分为4个二级层序,分别相当于孔店组、沙四段、沙三段-沙二下、沙二上-东营组。其中沙三段-沙二下又进一步划分为4个三级层序,分别为SQ1、SQ2、SQ3、SQ4。商河地区Es_2下属于SQ4的下降半旋回,自下而上可进一步划分为MSC1,MSC2和MSC3等3个中期旋回。
运用多级构造调节带理论对沉积微相展布规律及其构造成因进行研究,探讨沉积层序及沉积体系的控制因素,多级构造调节带联合控制了商河地区的沉积相带展布和古水流方向。商河地区西部以三角洲前缘为主,在断阶高部位,水下分流河道发育;中部以河口坝沉积居多;向东南方向断阶下降盘则以远砂坝、席状砂和分流间湾微相为主;东南部地区主要发育半深湖和滨浅湖。
在“构造控盆、盆地控相、相控藏”理论指导下,将沉积、构造和层序的研究有机结合,通过沉积微相和层序划分对比,结合构造调节带原理寻找商河砂体的有利相带。从构造动力学角度分析其成因以解决勘探开发问题,对于油气勘探开发具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。
Many researches have been discussed of the sedimentology and the sequence stratigraphy of the shahejie formation of the Paleocene in Huimin sag, but there was no systemtic reseach on the sedimentary microface to the lower Es_2 in Shanghe area, especially the control factor of the provenance, the depositional sequence and the system tract of the lower Es_2 reservoir in Shanghe area was widely concered. With the gradually impvoving of the exploitation degree , and the gradually increase of the exploratory development difficulty, the problem of the sedimentary microface distribute rule and the origin oritention have been the puzzle of the exploration activity for the long period.
The provenance of the shanghe sandstone and the crosswise and the vertical distribution rule of the sedimental microface was systematically analyzed, combined with petrology, stratigraphy, tectonic geology, sedimentology, sequence stratigraphy, geophysics and geochemistry etc.
The high resolution sequence framework has been built up of Paleocene in Huimin sag. Four of the second grade sequences has been distinguished, Kongdian group sequence, Es_4 sequence, Es_3 - lower of Es_2 sequence, upper Es2-Dongying group sequence. And four of the third grade sequence has been distinguished to Es_3 - lower of Es_2 sequence, SQ1、SQ2、SQ3、SQ4. The lower of Es_2 belong to the descending cycle of SQ4, can be dividing into three medium-cycle MSC1, MSC2 and MSC3.
The paper researched the tectonic mechanics of the sedimental systems, inquired the control factor of the depositional sequence and the sedimentary system, The multi-level tectonic accommodation zone control on the stretch of the sedimentary facies and the direction of the acient river system. The west of the Shanghe area is delta front, but the southeast area mainly develop semi-deep lake and shore shallow lake, underwater distributary channel on the top of the fault stairs; mouth bar in center; distal bar, sheet sand and interdistributary on southeast.
Based on the theory of the "Structure control basin, Basin control facies, Facies control reservoir", the paper combine the sedimentary, the tectonic and the stratinomy, find the beneficial facies tract on the basis of strcuctural accommodation belt principle, through the devidition and comparison of sedimentary microface and sequence. The exploratory problem was analyzed by structural dynamics. It is very important to exploration activity on theory and reality.
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