摘要
生物吸附法是近年来新兴的一种水处理方法,以其原料来源丰富,成本低,无二次污染等优点,是国内外研究的热点内容,具有广阔的发展前途和应用前景。
啤酒酵母对Pb~(2+)离子吸附率为82.80%;用2%PVA + 1%SA为包埋剂固定化啤酒酵母对Pb~(2+)具有最佳吸附效果。实验结果表明:菌量为20g/L,包埋剂比例为2 :1,CaCl_2浓度为3%(W/V) ,钙化时间为4h,用未作处理的固定化菌体,在pH值为4.0,Pb~(2+)初始浓度为0.2413mmol·L~(-1),菌体加入量为20g/L,温度为28℃的条件下,振荡吸附3h,吸附率为92.65%。在此条件下,用固定化酵母菌处理含Pb~(2+)离子的工业废水,其吸附率为91.78%,用1.0mol/LHCl洗脱吸附剂,第一次洗脱率达98.65%,重复使用三次,吸附率达70%以上,洗脱率在90%以上。
固定化啤酒酵母对金属Pb~(2+)离子的平衡吸附模型较好的符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和Freunlich等温吸附模型。固定化啤酒酵母吸附金属离子反应的动力学吸附模型,符合准二级反应。
Biological absorption is a kind of promising water treatment method in recent years. It has been becoming a hotspot content at home and abroad for its advantages of resourceful raw material, low cost, no second pollution, so it will have development future and application prospect.
The adsorption rate of beer yeast to Pb~(2+) is 82.80%. Adsorption of beer yeast immobilized by 2% PVA and 1% SA as embedding agents on Pb~(2+) ions has the optimum effect. The result showed the amount of beer yeast is 20g/L, ratio of the embedding agents is 2∶1, concentration of CaCl_2 is 3%(W/V), the immobilized time is 4h, respectivly. The absorption efficiency of untreated yeast immobilized was 92.65%, when the pH value was 4.0, the Pb~(2+) ion initial concentration was 0.2413 mmol·L~(-1), the amount of beer yeast was 20g/L, the temperature was 28℃,shaking absorption time was 3h. Under these conditions, the absrption rate is 91.78% when industrial waste water of Pb~(2+) ions was treated by beer yeast immobilized. By using 1.0 mol·L~(-1) HCl as eluent azent, the absorption efficiency was up 70% and the elution efficiency was 90%.
The adsorption model of beer yeast immobilized on Pb~(2+) ions was conformed to the Langmuir isothermal adsorption equation and the Freunlich isothermal adsorption equation. The dynamics adsorption model of beer yeast immobilized on heavy metal ion was conformed to pseudo-second-order.
引文
1 Ruchhoft C C.J.Sewage Works J,1949,21(5):877.
2吴涓,李清彪等.重金属生物吸附的研究进展.离子交换与吸附,1998,14(2):180-187.
3陈素华,周启星等.微生物与重金属间的相互作用及其应用研究.应用生态学报,2002,13(2):239 -242.
4王焰新.去除废水中重金属的低成本吸附剂:生物质和地质材料的环境利用.地学前缘,2001,8(2):301-308.
5董新娇,朱聪.固定化真菌对铅离子生物吸附的研究.环境科学与技术,2005,28(6):22-24.
6 Guanyu Yan.Heavy metal biosorption by the fungus,Mucor Rouxxi.University of Regina,2001.
7 Teixeira CR,Zezzi AMA.Biosorption of heavy metals using rice milling by-products characterization and application for removal of metals from aqueous effluents.Chemosphere,2004,54(7):987-995.
8 Fauduet H,Porte C,Delacroix A.Removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions, from aqueous solutions, by adsorption onto sawdust of Pinus sylvestris.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2003,B105 (1-3):121-142.
9 Dursun AY, Uslu G,Cuci Y.Bioaccumulation of copper(II),lead(II) and chromium(VI) by growing Aspergillus niger.Process Biochemistry,2003,38(12):1647-1651.
10 Drake LR,Rayson G D.Plant-deprived materials for metal ion-selective binding and preconcentration.Analytical Chemistry,1996,68:22-27.
11 Moffat AS.Plants proving their worth in toxic metal clean up.Science,1995, 269:302-303.
12 Brown SL,Chang RL,Lioyd CA.Relative uptake of cadmium by garden vegetables and fruits grown on long-term biosolid-amended soils.
13 Foust E,Volesky B.Contribution of sulfonate groups and alginate to heavy metal biosorption by the dry biomass of Sargassum fluitans.Environmental Science and Technology,1996,30(1):277-282.
14 Lin S,Rayson GD.Impact of surface modification on binding affinity distributions of Datura innoxin biomass to metal ions.Environmental Science Technology,1998,32(10):1488-1493.
15 Drake LR,Lin S,Rayson GD.Chemical modification and metal binding studies of Datura innoxin.Environmental Science and Technology,1996, 30 (1):110-114.
16 Strandberg GW,Shumate S E,Parrot RJ.Appl EnvironM icrobiol, 1981, 41:237.
17 Schiewer S,Volesky B.Modelling of the proton-metal ion exchange in biosorption.Environal Science Technology,1996,43(6):558-562.
18 Holmes J D,Richardson D J,Saed S,Evansgowing R .J.Microbiology,1997,143(81) :2521.
19 Volesky B, May H, Holan Z R. J.Biotechnol Bioeng,1993,4(1):826.
20 Tsezos M ,Volesky B ..J. Biotechnol Bioeng,1982,24:385.
21 Mashitah M D,Zulfadhly Z,Bhatia S.Application of oryzae and rhizogusoryzae for Cu2 + removal.Bio Tech,1999,27 (5):441-448.
22 Brady J M,Tobin J M,Enzy.Simultaneous biosorption of Ca2 +and Mg2 + by pret reated biomass of phanerochacte chrysosporium.Microbial Technol,1995,17:791-798.
23 Guibal E,Roulph C,Cloirec PL.The effect of medium on adsorption of uranyl ion by crosslinked chitosan resin.EnvironSci Technol,1995,29:2496-2504.
24 Teszos M,Volesky B.Adsorption behavior of uranium ion and thorium ion on chitin.Biotech and Bioeng,1982,24:955-964.
25刘月英,傅锦坤,胡荣宗等.细菌还原Au3+制备金催化剂的研究.微生物学报,1999,39(3):260—263.
26 Volesky B,May H,Holan Z R.J.Biotechnol Bioeng,1993,41:826.
27 Blackwell KJ,Singleton I.A general met hod for t he localization of enzymes t hat produce phosphate pyrophosphate.Appl Microbal Biotechnol,1995,43:579.
28 Mashitah M D,Zulfadhly Z,Bhatia S.Application of oryzae and rhizogusoryzae for Cu2 + removal [J].Bio Tech,1999,27 (5 &6):441-448.
29 Vilar,Vftor J. P. Botelho,Cid~lia M.S.Boaventura.Rut A. R.Influence of pH,ionic strength and temperature on lead bi0.sorption by Gclidium and agar extration algal waste.Process Bio.chemistry.2005,40(10):3267-3275.
30李大群,施国新.Cd2+或Hg2+水污染对菱体细胞的细胞核及叶绿素超微结构的影响.植物资源与环境,1999,8(2):43-48
31 Stanley E.Mnahan Environmental Chemi8try.121 South main street.Chelsea,Michigan 48118,1994,380-383.
32 DAV1D Kratochvil,BOHUM1L Volesky.Advances in the Bio-sorption of Heaf, Metal.TIBTEH,1998.16(6):291-299.
33孟令芝,杜传青,龙凯等.纤维素-铝硅复合物的制备及对重金属离子的吸附.环境科学与技术,2000,89(2):24-26.
34杨志宽,单崇新,苏帕拉.羧甲基壳聚糖对水中Cd2+的絮凝处理研究.环境科学与技术,2000,88(1):10-12.
35 Misak,Nasr Z.Adsorption isotherms in ion exchange reactions. Further treatments and remarks on the application of the Langmuir isotherm.Colloids and Surfaces A.Physicochemi cal and Engineering Aspects,1995,97(2): 129-140.
36 Wang Xue-song, Qin Yong. Equilibrium sorption isotherms for of Cu2+ on rice bran.Process Biochemistry,2005, 40(2):677-680.
37张森,李亚青.黄土对重金属的吸附等温模型.西北水资源与水工程,1998,9(1):28-31.
38张增强,张一平.几个吸附等温模型热力学参数的计算方法.西北农业大学学报,1998,26(2):94-98.
39唐受印.废水处理工程.北京:化学工业出版社,2004:1.
40韩润平,石杰,李建军等.生物材料对重金属离子的吸附富集作用.化学通报,2000,(7):25-28.
41 Vasudevan P, Padmavathy V,Dhingra SC. Kinetics of biosorption of cadmium on Baker's yeast. Bioresource Technology,2003,89(3):281-287.
42 Ho Y.S,McKay G.The Kinetics of sorption of divalent metal ions onto Sphagnum moss peat. Water Research, 2000,34:735-742.
43 Ho Y.S,Wase DJ,Forster CF.Batch nickel removal from aqueous solution by Phagnum moss peat.Water Research,1995,29:1327-1332.
44 HoY.S,McKay G.Pseudo-second-order model for sorption processes.Process Biochemistry,1999,34:451-465.
45 Ajmal M,Rao RAK,Ahmad R.Adsorption studies on Citrus reticulata(fruit peel of orange):removal and recovery of Ni(II) from electroplating wastewater.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2000,79(1):117-131.
46 Namasivayam C,Ranganathan K.Waste Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide as adsorbent for, the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution and chromium plating industrywastewater.Environmental Pollution,1993,82:255-261.
47 Jeon BH,Dempsey BA,Burgos WD.Modeling the sorption kinetics of divalent metalions to hematite.Water Research,2004,38(10):2499-2504.
48 Wan WS,Kamari NA,Koay YJ.Equilibrium and kinetics studies of adsorption of copper (II)on chitosan and chitosan and chitosanlPVA beads.International Journal of Biological Marcromolecules,2004,34:155-161.
49徐容.固定化产黄青霉废苗体吸附铅与脱附平衡.环境科学,1998,19(4):72.
50罗志腾.固定化混菌厌氧膨胀床处理造纸中断污水.天津城市建筑学报,1995,(4):1-5.
51雷乐成.污水厌氧处理微生物的固定化方法及硬化处理.水处理技术,1992,18(1):46-51.
52周定,候文华.固定化微生物法处理含酚废水的研究.环境科学,1990,11(4):563-565.
53胡龙兴.固定化酶催化氧化去除水溶液中的酚研究.环境科学,1996,17(3) :10-15.
54王翠红,徐建红.固定化藻菌处理含酚废水.处理技术,2000,26(4):36-39.
55 Joshi NT.Immobilization of activated sludge for t he degradation of phenol.Environ Sci. Health,1999,348:1689-1700.
56 Ferschl,A et al.Continuous degradation of 32chloroaniline by Calcium alginateent rapped cells of Pseudomonas acidovorus CA28 :influnence of additional subst rates.Appl .Microbiol Biotechnol,1991,35:544-550.
57设乐等.卡拉胶固定化脱氮.下水道协会志,1983,20(234):31.
58吴乾菁,李昕.固定化酵母菌细胞去除Cd2 +的研究.重庆环境科学,1996,18(3):16.
59中村裕纪é.包括固定化法微生物を用によゐ排水中の窒素除去技术.公害と对策,1986,22(2):27.
60 Wijffels IS R H et al. Appl.Microbiol ,Biotechnol ,1990 ,34 :399
61张建梅.重金属废水的生物处理技术.环境污染治理技术与设备,2003,4(4):75-78.
62刘志培,杨惠芳.聚乙烯醇固定化混合细菌细胞对印染废水脱色的研究.环境科学,1992,13(1):2-6.
63桥本.固定化法微生物による排水处理.用水と废水,1987,29(8):3.
64李彤,俞毓馨.用PVA包埋法固定化细胞去除洗衣粉废水中LAS的研究.环境科学,1991,13(5):16-19.
65卞华松,张仲燕.冷冻固定化优势菌群处理含甲醛苯酚废水.环境科学,1998,19(2):39-42.
66蒋宇红,黄霞.几种固定化细胞载体的比较.环境科学,1993,14(2):11-15.
68王绍文,姜凤有.重金属废水治理技术.冶金工业出版社,1993,第一版:1.
69季学李.大气污染控制工程.上海:同济大学出版社,1992,2.
70郭笃发.环境中铅和镉的来源及其对人和动物的危害.环境科学,1994,2(3):73-75.
71张建梅.重金属废水处理技术研究进展(综述).西安联合大学学报,2003,6(2):55-59.
72刘有才.淀粉黄原酸酯的制备及其在重金属废水处理中的应用.昆明大学,2004,4(2):50-53.
73荚荣,裴明军,史银等.真菌(Aspergillus sp.)吸附Cu2+的研究.中国环境科学,2003,23(3):263-266.
74屠娟,张利,赵力.非活性根霉菌对废水中重金属离子的吸附.环境科学,1994,16(1):12-15.
75 Tobin J M,Cooper D G,Neufeld R J.Uptake of metal ions by Rhizopus arrhizus biomass.Applied Environmental Microbiology, 1984,47(4):821-824.
76李梦龙主编.北学数据速查手册.北京:化学工业出版社,2003,第一版,9-12,136-149.
77 Drake L R,Rayson G D,Jackson P J.Chemical modification and metal binding studies of Datura innoxin.Environmental Science and Technology, 1996,30(1):110-114.
78 Foust E,Volesky B.Contribution of sulfonate groups and alginate to heavy metal Biosorption by the dry biomass of Sargassum fluitans.Environmental Science and Technology,1996,30(1):277-282.
79 Kapoor A,Viraraghavan T.Biosorption of heavy metals on Aspergillus niger,Bioresource Technology,1998,12(2):91 - 95.
80 CHEN M (陈冥),GAN Y R(甘一如).Biosorption of heavy metal,Chemical Industry and Engineering (化学工业与工程),1999,16(1):19-25.
81刘月英,傅锦坤,陈平等.巨大芽孢杆菌D01吸附金(Au3 +)的研究.微生物学报,2000,40(4):425-429.
82刘月英,傅锦坤,李仁忠等.细菌吸附Pd2 +的研究.微生物学报,2000, 40(5):535-539.
83胡洪波,刘月英,黄芝等.细菌XP05的筛选及其吸附铂的特性.厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2003,42(2):233-237.
84 Pethkar AV,Paknikar KM.Recovery of gold from solutions using Cladosporium cladosporioides biomass beads.Journal of Biotechnology,1998,63:121-136.
