摘要
历史性文化景观要素塑造了如今的景观"面孔"。在当前的规划框架下,对其保护和评价工作,也只可能在对其概念足够理解的情况下,借助于数字化手段得以实现。在此背景下,自1999年起,在德国开始建立一个基于志愿行为的文化景观要素收集系统——"KLEKs"。其目的:尽可能详细和全覆盖地收集基于GIS数据的历史性文化景观要素。目前,这样的系统正在被德国的几个州使用,特别是借助于乡村研究方面的专家和志愿者参与,并在德国几所大学的教学和研究工作的支持下得以推进。通过KLEKs系统的时间顺序发展、收集方法、数据库建立,以及用于规划应用的多角度,概述了KLEKs系统的发展。
Historical cultural landscape elements have shaped the "face" of today's landscape. Against the background of the current planning framework its protection and evaluation will be realized by the digital means in the context of enough understanding of the concept. For this purpose, a cultural landscape element collection system(KLEKs) based on voluntary behaviors has been set up in Germany in 1999. It aims to collect the historical and cultural landscape elements based on GIS data as detailed and completely as possible.KLEKs is currently used in several federal states in Germany. It is advanced in particular with the participation of experts and volunteers in rural research and with the support of teaching and research projects at several German universities. This paper provides an overview of the technological development of the KLEKs system. It focuses on the introduction of the chronological development, collection methodology, and the use of the KLEKs database in planning processes.
引文
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(1)泥灰岩洞穴、冰窖、石铺街、纪念石、石砌墙或头形树是几种德国中部典型的文化景观要素(译者注)。
(2)《德国国家自然保护法》,德文:Das deutsche Bundesnaturschutzgesetz。
(3)《德国国家空间规划法》,德文:Das Bundesraumordnungsgesetz。
(4)引自http://www.kulturlandschaft.fh-erfurt。
(5)引自https://www.kleks.app/。
(6)图1来自伊尔可·马绍尔,图2来自KLEKs网站,图3来自Roland Weber,图4、6来自迈克·施托克曼,图5来自KLEKs编辑器2010版,图7来自图林根州报的Frank Karmeyer;表1来自迈克·施托克曼。
(1)Mergelgruben(marl pits),Eiskeller(ice cellars)und Kopfsteinpflasterstra?en(cobblestone streets),Gedenksteine(memorial stones),Lesesteinw?lle oder Kopfb?ume(rock walls or head trees).
(2)German:Das deutsche Bundesnaturschutzgesetz.
(3)German:Das Bundesraumordnungsgesetz.
(4)?http://www.kulturlands·chaft.fh-erfurt.
(5)?https://www.kleks.app/.
(6)Fig.1?Marschall,Fig.2?KLEKs website,Fig.3?Roland Weber,Fig.4,6?Maik St?ckmann,Fig.5?KLEKs Editor 2010,Fig.7?Frank Karmeyer,TLZ;Tab.1?Maik St?ckmann.
