摘要
光电二极管是一种体积小、成本低的感光传感器,由至少三个配合可实现太阳矢量的测量,从而可以作为低精度的太阳敏感器。为了尽可能实现在360°视场空间任意方位求解太阳矢量,如何选择光电二极管数量并确定其布局方式是一个难点。文中首先将360°视场空间等表面积离散化,将无限的传感器的布局优化问题转换为有限的组合优化(NP问题难)。然后,通过建立覆盖度和均匀度的多目标优化函数,并结合量子遗传算法求解最优方案。实验分析了不同光电二极管数量和视场范围的布局效果,对多光电二极管的布局优化提供了理论性依据。实验结果显示,选择12～14个光电二极管可以基本实现无覆盖风险和均匀风险的布局。
As a small and low-cost photosensor, the photodiode can be used as low-precision sun sensor alternatively for at least three photodiodes combined, to measure the full sun vector. To obtain the sun vector anywhere providing the continus 360° filed-of-view, it was difficult to choose the number and design the layout of the multiple photodiodes. This paper discretized the 360° field of view as equal surface areas firstly, and transformed the infinite sensor layout optimization problem into a finite combinatorial optimization(nondeterministic polynomial time). Then, the combinatorial optimization problem was solved by establishing the multi-objective optimization function considering the coverage and uniformity and combining the quantum genetic algorithm. The experiment gave the layout effect for the various number and the different field of view of photodiodes, and provided theoretical basis for the optimization of the layout of multiple photodiodes. The experimental results show that the 12-14 photodiodes selected can achieve layout with no coverage and uniform risk nearly.
引文
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