摘要
近十多年来,随着退耕还林政策的实施,喀斯特地区坡地景观特征发生了重大变化。以典型喀斯特流域赤水河中上游为研究区,选用覆盖研究区2003年及2016年Landsat系列数据,使用面向对象的分类方法及GIS的空间分析功能等,分别探讨了研究区的景观组成、景观利用强度及景观格局的演变特征。结果表明:经过十多年的发展,研究区的坡景观特征发生了很大的变化。1)坡建设用地增加了30 km~2。坡耕地转出量为498 km~2,其中82.93%转为坡林地和11.85%转为坡灌草,而仅有5.22%转为坡建设用地,陡坡耕地减少了40.66%,其中有36 km~2转为陡坡林地, 46 km~2转为陡坡灌草;2)在该时间段,坡地景观的土地利用强度大于陡坡景观,且2003年的坡地景观及陡坡景观的景观利用强度均大于2016年;3)在景观水平上,陡坡景观及坡景观的邻接性增强,多样性减小,陡坡景观连通性增强,破碎程度减小,坡景观趋于破碎,斑块形状复杂。在类型水平上,陡坡耕地及坡耕地斑块形状变得复杂且破碎,连通性差,坡建设用地破碎程度减小,斑块形状变的简单,连通性变好。
In recent ten years, with the implementation of the policy of returning farmland to forestry, the landscape characteristics of sloping land in karst areas have undergone significant changes. The sampling cases of the upper and middle reaches of the Chishui River were chosen in the typical karst watershed. The U.S Landsat data series were used as the main data source, through the object-oriented classification method with the eCognition software and spatial analysis functions of the Geographic Information System, combined with landscape pattern analysis methods of Fragstates software. The landscape composition, landscape intensity, and landscape pattern evolution were explored respectively in different slope.The results showed that after ten years of development, the sloping landscape characteristics had changed greatly in the research area. 1) The sloping construction land increased 30 km~2. The sloping farmland roll-out 498 km~2, which of 82.93% converted to sloping forest land and another of 11.85% converted to sloping brushwood, while only 5.22% converted to sloping construction land. The steep slope farmland reduced by 40.66%, of which 36 km~2 converted to steep slope woodland,and 46 km~2 to steep slope irrigation grass. 2) During this period, the land use intensity of slope landscape was higher than that of steep slope landscape, and the landscape use intensity of slope landscape and steep slope landscape in 2003 was higher than that in 2016. 3) On the landscape level, the adjacency of steep slope landscape and slope landscape increased, the diversity decreased, the connectivity of steep slope landscape increased, the degree of fragmentation decreased, the slope landscape was fragmentation, and the patch shape was complex. On the class level, the patch shapes of steep slope farmland and slope farmland became complex and fragmented, the connectivity was poor, the degree of fragmentation of slope construction land was reduce, the patch shapes became simple, and the connectivity was better.
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