摘要
【目的】白马鸡(Crossoptilon crossoptilon)是一种大型鸟类,集群中个体相互作用形成复杂的社会结构,笔者从社会网络视角分析白马鸡等级行为和社群结构,探明白马鸡在繁殖期的社群状况,为集群鸟类社会行为和群体结构研究提供科学依据。【方法】运用社会网络分析方法,对育雏前期和育雏期的白马鸡群体开展野外调查,总共标记个体49只,记录白马鸡群体成员聚集频次和等级支配频次,计算了支配关系矩阵的线性程度和个体等级分数,并将个体聚集强度关系矩阵和等级支配关系矩阵实现了网络可视化。同时,建立人工模拟群体随机聚合矩阵,检验观察矩阵是否由随机因素导致。计算网络参数和模块度值,方差分析检验模块内部和各模块之间个体支配关系强度差异。【结果】①等级关系网络显示白马鸡集群中个体间存在等级制度,且为线性支配式;②育雏前期和育雏期集群中均存在3个模块,但两个时期模块成员发生了变化;③接近中心度对模块性影响显著,育雏期群体凝聚力高于育雏前期,且育雏期模块化程度高于育雏前期;④育雏期配偶对的分布受到模块化的限制,所有配偶对分布在相同模块内;⑤模块内部个体等级支配关系强于各模块间个体支配关系,且高等级个体群体凝聚能力较强。【结论】对白马鸡集群关系和等级行为观察实现了网络可视化,揭示了白马鸡繁殖期集群中存在模块化结构,且模块内部和模块间个体等级支配关系强度不同。
【Objective】Interactions between individuals of the white eared-pheasant(Crossoptilon crossoptilon), lead to a complex social structure in pheasant flocks. The objective of the present study was to explain the dominance hierarchy and social structure of this species from a social network perspective, and explored the dominance behavior and flock structure in breeding period, to provide a scientific basis for the study of social organization of C. crossoptilon. 【Method】We recorded the aggregation preferences of flock members and dominant-subordinate interaction frequencies during the pre-brooding and brooding periods of 49 C. crossoptilon in a field. We calculated the linear degree of dominant-subordinate matrix and the dominance score of individuals, and built a network visualization of the community cohesion relationship matrix and the dominance relationship matrix. An artificial random aggregation matrix simulation was used to test whether the observed matrix was caused by random factors. Network parameters and modularity values were calculated respectively. Variance analysis was used to test for differences in the dominance relationship intensity of individuals within and between communities.【Result】①The dominance relationship network showed that there was a dominance hierarchy within the C. crossoptilon flock, and the dominant pattern was linear. ②Three modules were found in the flock, but the module members were different between the two periods. ③Closeness centrality had a significant impact on modularity, the modularization degree during the brooding period was higher than during the pre-brooding period, and community cohesion during the brooding period was higher than that during the pre-brooding period. ④The distribution of mates was constrained by modularity, as all mates were distributed in the same module in the brooding period. ⑤The individuals' interactive dominance intensity within communities was stronger than that between communities, and high dominance rank individuals had higher group cohesion ability than low dominance rank individuals. 【Conclusion】 In this study, we observed within-flock relationships and hierarchical behavior in C. crossoptilon. Using network visualization, we found a modular structure in the C. crossoptilon flocks during the breeding season. Additionally, the individual's dominance relationship was different within versus between modules.
引文
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